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RESEARCH PAPERS: Heat Transfer Enhancement

# Design Optimization of Size and Geometry of Vortex Promoter in a Two-Dimensional Channel

[+] Author and Article Information
Tunc Icoz

GE Global Research, Thermal Systems Laboratory, Niskayuna NY 12309

Yogesh Jaluria

Rutgers University, Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, New Brunswick NJ 08901

J. Heat Transfer 128(10), 1081-1092 (Jul 08, 2006) (12 pages) doi:10.1115/1.2345433 History: Received January 10, 2006; Revised July 08, 2006

## Abstract

Thermal management of electronic equipment is one of the major technical problems in the development of electronic systems that would meet increasing future demands for speed and reliability. It is necessary to design cooling systems for removing the heat dissipated by the electronic components efficiently and with minimal cost. Vortex promoters have important implications in cooling systems for electronic devices, since these are used to enhance heat transfer from the heating elements. In this paper, an application of dynamic data driven optimization methodology, which employs concurrent use of simulation and experiment, is presented for the design of the vortex promoter to maximize the heat removal rate from multiple protruding heat sources located in a channel, while keeping the pressure drop within reasonable limits. Concurrent use of computer simulation and experiment in real time is shown to be an effective tool for efficient engineering design and optimization. Numerical simulation can effectively be used for low flow rates and low heat inputs. However, with transition to oscillatory and turbulent flows at large values of these quantities, the problem becomes more involved and computational cost increases dramatically. Under these circumstances, experimental systems are used to determine the component temperatures for varying heat input and flow conditions. The design variables are taken as the Reynolds number and the shape and size of the vortex promoter. The problem is a multiobjective design optimization problem, where the objectives are maximizing the total heat transfer rate $Q$ and minimizing the pressure drop $ΔP$. This multiobjective problem is converted to a single-objective problem by combining the two objective functions in the form of weighted sums.

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## Figures

Figure 1

Schematic representation of the problem

Figure 24

Response of ΔP for three promoter geometries

Figure 2

Experimental setup

Figure 3

Geometries and orientations of the vortex promoters used in experiments

Figure 4

Comparison of computed and published Strouhal numbers in channel, downstream of the vortex promoter, without any heat sources

Figure 5

Schematic representation of DDDOM methodology

Figure 6

Transient Nu for (a)hp∕H=0.12 first heat source, (b)hp∕H=0.12 second heat source, (c)hp∕H=0.235 first heat source, (d)hp∕H=0.235 second heat source, (e)hp∕H=0.47 first heat source, and (f)hp∕H=0.47 second heat source

Figure 7

Power spectrum of axial velocity component downstream of the vortex promoter at (a)Re=600, (b)Re=900, (c)Re=1200, and (d)Re=1500

Figure 8

Streamlines for hp∕H=0.235 at (a)Re=300, (b)Re=900 and (c)Re=1200

Figure 9

Temperatures for hp∕H=0.235 at (a)Re=300, (b)Re=900, and (c)Re=1200

Figure 10

Computed heat transfer rate as a function of Re and hp∕H(a) first heat source and (b) second heat source

Figure 11

Measured heat transfer rates for vortex promoter of size hp∕H=0.12(a) first heat source and (b) second heat source

Figure 12

Measured heat transfer rates for vortex promoter of size hp∕H=0.235(a) first heat source and (b) second heat source

Figure 13

Measured heat transfer rates for vortex promoter of size hp∕H=0.47(a) first heat source and (b) second heat source

Figure 14

The effect of vortex promoter size on the pressure drop

Figure 15

Measure pressure drop as a function of Re for (a)hp∕H=0.12, (b)hp∕H=0.235, and (c)hp∕H=0.47

Figure 16

Combined computational and experimental results for (a)Q1 and (b)Q2

Figure 17

Combined computational and experimental results for ΔP

Figure 18

Distribution of data points used to generate the responses

Figure 19

Response surfaces of the heat transfer rates from (a) first heat source and (b) second heat source, for the square promoter

Figure 20

Response surface of the pressure drop for the square promoter

Figure 21

Optimal size of the square promoter with Re for various objective functions

Figure 22

Response surfaces for the objective function F=W1Q1¯+W2Q2¯−W3ΔP¯(a)W1=W2=W3 and (b)W1=W2=W3∕2

Figure 23

Responses of Q1 and Q2 for (a) square, (b) hexagonal, and (c) circular vortex promoter

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