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Journal of Heat Transfer | Volume 133 | Issue 5 | Research Paper
Research Papers: Forced Convection

Parametric Numerical Study of Flow and Heat Transfer in Microchannels With Wavy Walls

[+] Author and Article Information
Liang Gong

School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710049, P.R. Chinalgong@mailst.xjtu.edu.cn

Krishna Kota

George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 771 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0405krishna.kota@me.gatech.edu

Wenquan Tao

School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710049, P.R. Chinawqtao@mail.xjtu.edu.cn

Yogendra Joshi1

George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 771 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0405yogendra.joshi@me.gatech.edu

1

Corresponding author.

J. Heat Transfer 133(5), 051702 (Feb 04, 2011) (10 pages) doi:10.1115/1.4003284 History: Received August 22, 2010; Revised December 06, 2010; Published February 04, 2011; Online February 04, 2011
Article
References
Figures
Tables
Citing Articles

Wavy channels were investigated in this paper as a passive scheme to improve the heat transfer performance of laminar fluid flow as applied to microchannel heat sinks. Parametric study of three-dimensional laminar fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics in microsized wavy channels was performed by varying the wavy feature amplitude, wavelength, and aspect ratio for different Reynolds numbers between 50 and 150. Two different types of wavy channels were considered and their thermal performance for a constant heat flux of 47 W/cm2 was compared. Based on the comparison with straight channels, it was found that wavy channels can provide improved overall thermal performance. In addition, it was observed that wavy channels with a configuration in which crests and troughs face each other alternately (serpentine channels) were found to show an edge in thermal performance over the configuration where crests and troughs directly face each other. The best configuration considered in this paper was found to provide an improvement of up to 55% in the overall performance compared to microchannels with straight walls and hence are attractive candidates for cooling of future high heat flux electronics.
Copyright © 2011 by American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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References

1
www.itrs.net
2
Xin, R. C., and Tao, W. Q., 1988, “Numerical Prediction of Laminar Flow and Heat Transfer in Wavy Channels of Uniform Cross-Sectional Area,” Numer. Heat Transfer, 14 , pp. 465–481.  [CrossRef]
3
Chen, C. K., and Cho, C. C., 2008, “A Combined Active/Passive Scheme for Enhancing the Mixing Efficiency of Microfluidic Devices,” Chem. Eng. Sci., 63 , pp. 3081–3087.  [CrossRef]
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Henning, T., Brandner, J. J., and Schubert, K., 2005, “High-Speed Imaging of Flow in Microchannel Array Water Evaporators,” Microfluid. Nanofluid., 1 , pp. 128–136.  [CrossRef]
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Kowalewski, T. A., Szumbarski, J., and Blonski, S., 2008, “Low-Reynolds-Number Instability of the Laminar Flow between Wavy Walls,” "Proceedings of the Sixth International ASME Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels and Minichannels", Darmstadt, Germany, Jun. 23–25.
6
Hsieh, S. S., and Huang, Y. C., 2008, “Passive Mixing in Micro-Channels With Geometric Variations Through μPIV and μLIF Measurements,” J. Micromech. Microeng., 18 , p. 065017.  [CrossRef]
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Quddus, N. A., Bhattacharjee, S., and Moussa, W., 2005, “Electrokinetic Flow in a Wavy Channel,” "Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on MEMS, NANO and Smart Systems", pp. 219–220, Alberta, Canada, Jul. 24–27.
8
Xia, Z., Mei, R., Sheplak, M., and Fan, Z. H., 2009, “Electroosmotically Driven Creeping Flows in a Wavy Microchannel,” Microfluid. Nanofluid., 6 , pp. 37–52.  [CrossRef]
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Sui, Y., Teo, C. J., Lee, P. S., Chew, Y. T., and Shu, C., 2010, “Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Wavy Microchannels,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 53 , pp. 2760–2772.  [CrossRef]
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Brunschwiler, T., Michel, B., Rothuizen, H., Kloter, U., Wunderle, B., Oppermann, H., and Reichl, H., 2008, “Forced Convective Interlayer Cooling in Vertically Integrated Packages,” "2008 Proceedings of the ITHERM", pp. 1114–1125.
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Sekar, D., King, C., Dang, B., Spencer, T., Thacker, H., Joseph, P., Bakir, M., and Meindl, J., 2008, “A 3D-IC Technology With Integrated Microchannel Cooling,” "Proceedings of IEEE International Interconnect Technology Conference", pp. 13–15.
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Coskun, A., Ayala, J., Atienzaz, D., and Rosingy, T., 2009, “Modeling and Dynamic Management of 3D Multicore Systems With Liquid Cooling,” "Proceedings of the 17th Annual IFIP/IEEE International Conference on Very Large Scale Integration", Brazil.
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Jang, H., Yoon, I., Kim, C., Shin, S., and Chung, S., 2009, “The Impact of Liquid Cooling on 3D Multi-Core Processors,” "Proceedings of the 27th IEEE International Conference on Computer Design", Lake Tahoe, CA, Oct. 4–7.
14
Koo, J., Im, S., Jiang, L., and Goodson, K. E., 2005, “Integrated Microchannel Cooling for Three-Dimensional Electronic Circuit Architectures,” ASME J. Heat Transfer, 127 (1), pp. 49–58.  [CrossRef]
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Fluent, Inc., 2003, Fluent 6 User Manual.
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Patankar, S. V., 1980, "Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow", 1st ed., Taylor & Francis, London, UK.
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Gee, D. L., and Webb, R. L., 1980, “Forced Convection Heat Transfer in Helically Rib-Roughened Tubes,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 23 , pp. 1127–1136.  [CrossRef]
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Figures

Grahic Jump Location
+Variation in PF with α
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Variation in PF with α
Figure 23

Variation in PF with α

Grahic Jump Location
+(a) Temperature field for α=1 (top) and α=1.67 (bottom) and (b) local Nusselt number plot
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
(a) Temperature field for α=1 (top) and α=1.67 (bottom) and (b) local Nusselt number plot
Figure 24

(a) Temperature field for α=1 (top) and α=1.67 (bottom) and (b) local Nusselt number plot

Grahic Jump Location
+Variation in (a) average Nusselt number and (b) pressure drop with wavelength
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Variation in (a) average Nusselt number and (b) pressure drop with wavelength
Figure 10

Variation in (a) average Nusselt number and (b) pressure drop with wavelength

Grahic Jump Location
+Spatial velocity contours for different wavelengths
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Spatial velocity contours for different wavelengths
Figure 11

Spatial velocity contours for different wavelengths

Grahic Jump Location
+(a) Temperature field for λ=4 (top) and λ=1.33 (bottom) and (b) local Nusselt number plot
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
(a) Temperature field for λ=4 (top) and λ=1.33 (bottom) and (b) local Nusselt number plot
Figure 12

(a) Temperature field for λ=4 (top) and λ=1.33 (bottom) and (b) local Nusselt number plot

Grahic Jump Location
+Schematic of wavy channels
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Schematic of wavy channels
Figure 1

Schematic of wavy channels

Grahic Jump Location
+Variation in (a) average Nusselt number and (b) pressure drop with amplitude
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Variation in (a) average Nusselt number and (b) pressure drop with amplitude
Figure 2

Variation in (a) average Nusselt number and (b) pressure drop with amplitude

Grahic Jump Location
+(a) Velocity vectors for A=50 μm (top) and A=200 μm (bottom). (b) Spatial velocity contours for different wavelengths.
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
(a) Velocity vectors for A=50 μm (top) and A=200 μm (bottom). (b) Spatial velocity contours for different wavelengths.
Figure 3

(a) Velocity vectors for A=50 μm (top) and A=200 μm (bottom). (b) Spatial velocity contours for different wavelengths.

Grahic Jump Location
+Variation in PF with λ
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Variation in PF with λ
Figure 13

Variation in PF with λ

Grahic Jump Location
+Variation in (a) average Nusselt number and (b) pressure drop with wavelength
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Variation in (a) average Nusselt number and (b) pressure drop with wavelength
Figure 14

Variation in (a) average Nusselt number and (b) pressure drop with wavelength

Grahic Jump Location
+Spatial velocity contours for different wavelengths
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Spatial velocity contours for different wavelengths
Figure 15

Spatial velocity contours for different wavelengths

Grahic Jump Location
+(a) Temperature field for A=50 μm (top) and A=200 μm (bottom) and (b) local Nusselt number plot
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
(a) Temperature field for A=50 μm (top) and A=200 μm (bottom) and (b) local Nusselt number plot
Figure 4

(a) Temperature field for A=50 μm (top) and A=200 μm (bottom) and (b) local Nusselt number plot

Grahic Jump Location
+Variation in PF with A
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Variation in PF with A
Figure 5

Variation in PF with A

Grahic Jump Location
+Variation in (a) average Nusselt number and (b) pressure drop with amplitude
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Variation in (a) average Nusselt number and (b) pressure drop with amplitude
Figure 6

Variation in (a) average Nusselt number and (b) pressure drop with amplitude

Grahic Jump Location
+Variation in PF with λ
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Variation in PF with λ
Figure 16

Variation in PF with λ

Grahic Jump Location
+(a) Temperature field for λ=4 (top) and λ=1.33 (bottom) and (b) local Nusselt number plot
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
(a) Temperature field for λ=4 (top) and λ=1.33 (bottom) and (b) local Nusselt number plot
Figure 17

(a) Temperature field for λ=4 (top) and λ=1.33 (bottom) and (b) local Nusselt number plot

Grahic Jump Location
+Variation in (a) average Nusselt number and (b) pressure drop with aspect ratio
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Variation in (a) average Nusselt number and (b) pressure drop with aspect ratio
Figure 18

Variation in (a) average Nusselt number and (b) pressure drop with aspect ratio

Grahic Jump Location
+Velocity vectors for α=1 (top) and α=2.5 (bottom)
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Velocity vectors for α=1 (top) and α=2.5 (bottom)
Figure 19

Velocity vectors for α=1 (top) and α=2.5 (bottom)

Grahic Jump Location
+(a) Velocity vectors for A=50 μm (top) and A=150 μm (bottom). (b) Spatial velocity contours for different wavelengths
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
(a) Velocity vectors for A=50 μm (top) and A=150 μm (bottom). (b) Spatial velocity contours for different wavelengths
Figure 7

(a) Velocity vectors for A=50 μm (top) and A=150 μm (bottom). (b) Spatial velocity contours for different wavelengths

Grahic Jump Location
+Variation in PF with A
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Variation in PF with A
Figure 8

Variation in PF with A

Grahic Jump Location
+(a) Temperature field for A=50 μm (top) and A=150 μm (bottom) and (b) local Nusselt number plot
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
(a) Temperature field for A=50 μm (top) and A=150 μm (bottom) and (b) local Nusselt number plot
Figure 9

(a) Temperature field for A=50 μm (top) and A=150 μm (bottom) and (b) local Nusselt number plot

Grahic Jump Location
+(a) Temperature field for α=1 (top) and α=2.5 (bottom) and (b) local Nusselt number plot
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
(a) Temperature field for α=1 (top) and α=2.5 (bottom) and (b) local Nusselt number plot
Figure 20

(a) Temperature field for α=1 (top) and α=2.5 (bottom) and (b) local Nusselt number plot

Grahic Jump Location
+Variation in PF with α
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Variation in PF with α
Figure 21

Variation in PF with α

Grahic Jump Location
+Variation in (a) average Nusselt number and (b) pressure drop with aspect ratio
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Variation in (a) average Nusselt number and (b) pressure drop with aspect ratio
Figure 22

Variation in (a) average Nusselt number and (b) pressure drop with aspect ratio

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