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Journal of Heat Transfer | Volume 138 | Issue 3 | research-article
Research Papers: Evaporation, Boiling, and Condensation

Investigation on the Effect of Type and Size of Nanoparticles and Surfactant on Pool Boiling Heat Transfer of Nanofluids

[+] Author and Article Information
Tofigh Sayahi

Department of Chemical Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering,
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM),
Mashhad 9177948974, Iran
e-mail: tofighsayahi@yahoo.com

Masoud Bahrami

Department of Chemical Engineering,
Petroleum University of Technology,
Ahwaz 6198144471, Iran

1Corresponding author.

Contributed by the Heat Transfer Division of ASME for publication in the JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER. Manuscript received October 20, 2014; final manuscript received September 22, 2015; published online November 17, 2015. Assoc. Editor: W. Q. Tao.

J. Heat Transfer 138(3), 031502 (Nov 17, 2015) (9 pages) Paper No: HT-14-1693; doi: 10.1115/1.4031883 History: Received October 20, 2014; Revised September 22, 2015
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In our efforts to improve the pool boiling heat transfer of water, three sets of experiments are carried out to investigate the best coolant for heat removal among alumina, silica, and zinc oxide as nanoparticles and water as base fluid: (a) pool boiling heat transfer of γ-alumina/water nanofluid with and without surfactant in both distilled water and treated water as base fluids, (b) pool boiling heat transfer of silica/water nanofluid with two different nanoparticle sizes, and (c) pool boiling heat transfer of zinc oxide/water nanofluid with surfactant. In all the above experiments, the effect of heater surface on boiling heat transfer coefficient has been investigated by repeating the experiment using pure water on the coated surface before cleaning it. Moreover, two effective thermophysical properties of fluids, dynamic viscosity and surface tension, are measured to explain the boiling behavior of the nanofluids. The experimental results indicate that (a) the presence of γ-alumina in the base fluid enhances the pool boiling heat transfer coefficient, but sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) as surfactant deteriorates the performance of pool boiling heat transfer of γ-alumina/water nanofluid and (b) silica nanoparticles reduce the boiling performance of pure water. Moreover, the larger particle size of silica nanoparticles shows less reduction in heat transfer coefficient, (c) zinc oxide/water nanofluid is the best coolant among all the above-mentioned nanoparticles for heat removal.
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Fig. 1

TEM images of nanoparticles: (a) γ-alumina, (b) silica1, (c) silica2, and (d) zinc oxide

+TEM images of nanoparticles: (a) γ-alumina, (b) silica1, (c) silica2, and (d) zinc oxide
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TEM images of nanoparticles: (a) γ-alumina, (b) silica1, (c) silica2, and (d) zinc oxide
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Fig. 2

Surface roughness evaluation of different parts of clean rod heater by AFM images [30]

+Surface roughness evaluation of different parts of clean rod heater by AFM images [30]
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Surface roughness evaluation of different parts of clean rod heater by AFM images [30]
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Fig. 3

Schematic diagram of pool boiling apparatus

+Schematic diagram of pool boiling apparatus
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Schematic diagram of pool boiling apparatus
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Fig. 4

Schematic of rod heater

+Schematic of rod heater
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Schematic of rod heater
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Fig. 5

Flow mode of nanofluid ultrasonication [30]

+Flow mode of nanofluid ultrasonication [30]
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Flow mode of nanofluid ultrasonication [30]
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Fig. 6

Boiling regimes progress from free-convection boiling to transition boiling: (a) 14.102 kW/m2, (b) 57.856 kW/m2, (c) 130.176 kW/m2, (d) 202.949 kW/m2, and (e) 329.209 kW/m2

+Boiling regimes progress from free-convection boiling to transition boiling: (a) 14.102 kW/m2, (b) 57.856 kW/m2, (c) 130.176 kW/m2, (d) 202.949 kW/m2, and (e) 329.209 kW/m2
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Boiling regimes progress from free-convection boiling to transition boiling: (a) 14.102 kW/m2, (b) 57.856 kW/m2, (c) 130.176 kW/m2, (d) 202.949 kW/m2, and (e) 329.209 kW/m2
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Fig. 7

Different experiments conducted with treated water on clean heater

+Different experiments conducted with treated water on clean heater
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Different experiments conducted with treated water on clean heater
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Fig. 8

Dynamic viscosity as a function of temperature

+Dynamic viscosity as a function of temperature
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Dynamic viscosity as a function of temperature
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Fig. 9

Pool boiling curve (a) and boiling heat transfer coefficient curve (b) of γ-Al2O3 nanofluid

+Pool boiling curve (a) and boiling heat transfer coefficient curve (b) of γ-Al2O3 nanofluid
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Pool boiling curve (a) and boiling heat transfer coefficient curve (b) of γ-Al2O3 nanofluid
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Fig. 10

Surface tension of different nanofluids at 28 °C

+Surface tension of different nanofluids at 28 °C
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Surface tension of different nanofluids at 28 °C
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Fig. 11

Pool boiling curve (a) and boiling heat transfer coefficient curve (b) of silica nanofluid

+Pool boiling curve (a) and boiling heat transfer coefficient curve (b) of silica nanofluid
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Pool boiling curve (a) and boiling heat transfer coefficient curve (b) of silica nanofluid
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Fig. 12

Dynamic viscosity of silica nanoparticles as a function of temperature

+Dynamic viscosity of silica nanoparticles as a function of temperature
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Dynamic viscosity of silica nanoparticles as a function of temperature
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Fig. 13

Pool boiling curve (a) and boiling heat transfer coefficient curve (b) of ZnO nanofluid

+Pool boiling curve (a) and boiling heat transfer coefficient curve (b) of ZnO nanofluid
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Pool boiling curve (a) and boiling heat transfer coefficient curve (b) of ZnO nanofluid
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Fig. 14

Dynamic viscosity of zinc oxide nanoparticles as a function of temperature

+Dynamic viscosity of zinc oxide nanoparticles as a function of temperature
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Dynamic viscosity of zinc oxide nanoparticles as a function of temperature

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