0
Research Papers: Natural and Mixed Convection

# Natural Convection Heat Transfer From a Short or Long, Solid or Hollow Horizontal Cylinder Suspended in Air or Placed on Ground

[+] Author and Article Information
Swastik Acharya

Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur,
BRH, A—513,
Kharagpur 721 302, India
e-mail: swastik.acharya8@gmail.com

Sukanta K Dash

Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur,
Kharagpur 721 302, India
e-mail: sdash@mech.iitkgp.ernet.in

Contributed by the Heat Transfer Division of ASME for publication in the JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER. Manuscript received December 7, 2016; final manuscript received January 28, 2017; published online March 21, 2017. Assoc. Editor: Zhixiong Guo.

J. Heat Transfer 139(7), 072501 (Mar 21, 2017) (13 pages) Paper No: HT-16-1792; doi: 10.1115/1.4035919 History: Received December 07, 2016; Revised January 28, 2017

## Abstract

Numerical simulations have been conducted to study natural convection heat transfer from solid or hollow cylinders in the laminar range of Ra spanning from 104 to 108 for L/D in the range of $0.05≤(L/D)≤20$. Interesting flow structures around the thin hollow cylinder have been observed for small and large L/D. It has been found that the average Nu for solid or hollow horizontal cylinders in air is marginally higher than when they are on ground for the entire range of L/D and Ra limited up to 107. Up to a Ra of 107 Nu for a solid cylinder in air is higher than that of Nu for a hollow cylinder in air but when Ra exceeds 107 Nu for a hollow cylinder is marginally higher than that of the solid cylinder until an L/D of 0.2. When, L/D rises beyond 0.2 the situation reveres causing Nu for a solid cylinder to be again higher than that of the hollow cylinder when suspended in air. A solid cylinder on ground has higher Nu compared to that of a hollow cylinder on ground up to a Ra of 106. However, for higher Ra of 108 a hollow cylinder on ground has higher Nu compared to that of a solid cylinder on ground until an L/D of 5 and after that the situation reverses again.

<>
Topics: Cylinders

## References

Ayrton, W. , and Kilgour, H. , 1892, “ The Thermal Emissivity of Thin Wires in Air,” Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A, 183(0), pp. 371–405.
Petavel, J. , 1898, “ On the Heat Dissipated by a Platinum Surface at High Temperatures,” Philos Trans. R. Soc. A, 191(0), pp. 501–524.
Kennelly, A. , Wright, C. , and Bylevelt, J. V. , 1909, “ The Convection of Heat From Small Copper Wires,” Trans. Am. Inst. Electr. Eng., 28(1), pp. 363–393.
Langmuir, I. , 1912, “ The Convection and Conduction of Heat in Gases,” Trans. Am. Inst. Electr. Eng., 34(6), pp. 1229–1240.
Davis, A. , 1922, “ Natural Convective Cooling in Fluids,” Philos. Mag., 44(263), pp. 920–940.
Nelson, R. , 1924, “ Free Convection Heat in Liquids,” Phys. Rev., 23(1), pp. 94–103.
Nusselt, W. , 1929, “ Heat Dissipation From Horizontal Tubes and Wires to Gases and Liquids,” Ver DeutIng, 73, pp. 1475–1478.
Lander, C. , 1942, “ A Review of Recent Progress in Heat Transfer,” J. Inst. Mech. Eng., 148(1942), pp. 81–112.
Tsubouchi, T. , and Masuda, H. , 1966–1967, “ Natural Convection Heat Transfer From a Horizontal Circular Cylinder With Small Rectangular Grooves,” Sci. Rep. Res. Inst. Tohaku Univ. Ser. B, 18, pp. 211–242.
Penney, W. R. , and Jefferson, T. B. , 1966, “ Heat Transfer From an Oscillating Horizontal Wire to Water and Ethylene Glycol,” ASME J. Heat Trans., 88(4), pp. 359–366.
Saville, D. , and Churchill, S. , 1967, “ Laminar Free Convection in Boundary Layers Near Horizontal Cylinders and Vertical Axisymmetric Bodies,” J. Fluid Mech., 29(2), pp. 391–399.
Churchill, S. , and Chu, H. , 1975, “ Correlating Equations for Laminar and Turbulent Free Convection From a Horizontal Cylinder,” Int. J. Heat Mass Trans., 18(9), pp. 1049–1053.
Nakai, S. , and Okazaki, T. , 1975, “ Heat Transfer Form a Horizontal Circular Wire at Small Reynolds and Grashof Numbers-I,” Int. J. Heat Mass Trans., 18, pp. 387–396.
Merkin, J. , 1977, “ Free Convection Boundary Layers on Cylinders of Elliptic Cross Section,” ASME J. Heat Trans., 99(3), pp. 453–457.
Kuehn, T. , and Goldstein, R. , 1980, “ Numerical Solution to the Navier–Stokes Equations for Laminar Natural Convection About a Horizontal Isothermal Circular Cylinder,” Int. J. Heat Mass Trans., 23(7), pp. 971–979.
Farouk, B. , and Güçeri, S. I. , 1981, “ Natural Convection From a Horizontal Cylinder-Laminar Regime,” ASME J. Heat. Trans., 103(3), pp. 522–527.
De Socio, L. , 1983, “ Laminar Free Convection Around Horizontal Circular Cylinders,” Int. J. Heat Mass Trans., 26(11), pp. 1669–1677.
Al-Arabi, M. , and Khamis, M. , 1982, “ Natural Convection Heat Transfer From Inclined Cylinders,” Int. J. Heat Mass Trans., 25(1), pp. 3–15.
Wang, P. , Khawita, R. , and Nguyen, D. L. , 1990, “ Transient Laminar Natural Convection From Horizontal Cylinders,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 34(6), pp. 1429–1442.
Saitoh, T. , Sajiki, T. , and Maruhara, K. , 1993, “ Bench Mark Solutions to Natural Convection Heat Transfer Problem Around a Horizontal Circular Cylinder,” Int. J. Heat Mass Trans., 36(5), pp. 1251–1259.
Chouikh, T. , Guizani, A. , and Maalej, M. , 1997, “ Numerical Study of Laminar Natural Convection Flow Around Horizontal Isothermal Cylinder,” Renewable Energy, 13(1), pp. 71–78.
Molla, M. M. , Paul, S. C. , and Hossain, A. , 2008, “ Natural Convection Flow for a Horizontal Cylinder With Uniform Heat Flux in Presence of Heat Generation,” Appl. Math. Model., 33, pp. 3226–3236.
Molla, M. M. , Hossain, M. A. , and Gorla, R. S. R. , 2005, “ Natural Convection Flow From Isothermal Horizontal Circular Cylinder With Temperature Dependent Viscosity,” Heat Mass Transfer, 41(7), pp. 594–598.
Atayilmaz, S. O. , and Teke, I. , 2009, “ Experimental and Numerical Study of the Natural Convection From a Heated Horizontal Cylinder,” Int. Commun. Heat Mass Trans., 36(7), pp. 731–738.
Ashjaee, M. , Yazdani, S. , Bigham, S. , and Yousefi, T. , 2011, “ Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Free Convection From Horizontal Cylinder Located Above an Adiabatic Surface,” Heat Transfer Eng., 33(3), pp. 213–214.
Mehrizi, A. A. , Farhadi, M. , Afrouzi, H. H. , Shayamehr, S. , and Lotfizadeh, H. , 2013, “ Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of Natural Convection Flow Around a Horizontal Cylinder Located Beneath an Insulated Plate,” J. Theor. Appl. Phys., 51(3), pp. 729–739.
Kuehner, J. P. , Hamed, A. M. , and Mitchell, J. D. , 2015, “ Experimental Investigation of Free Convection Velocity Boundary Layer and Plume Formation Region for a Heated Horizontal Cylinder,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 82, pp. 78–97.
Sedaghat, M. H. , Yaghoubi, M. , and Mafhrebi, M. J. , 2015, “ Analysis of Natural Convection Heat Transfer From a Cylinder Enclosed in a Corner of Two Adiabatic Wall,” Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., 62, pp. 78–97.
Tsung-Yen, N. , 1993, “ Effect of Wall Condition on Natural Convection Over a Vertical Slender Hollow Circular Cylinder,” Appl. Sci. Res., 54, pp. 39–50.
Chang, L. C. , 2008, “ Numerical Simulation of Natural Convection of Micro Polar Fluid Flow Along Slender Hollow Cylinder With Wall Conduction Effect,” Non Linear Sci. Numer. Simul., 13, pp. 9–20.
Mamun, M. M. H. , Rahman, M. M. , Billah, M. M. , and Saidur, R. , 2010, “ A Numerical Study on the Effect of a Hollow Cylinder on Mixed Convection in a Ventilated Cavity,” Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transfer, 37(9), pp. 1326–1334.
Billah, M. M. , Rahman, M. M. , Sharif, M. U. , Rahim, N. A. , Saidur, R. , and Hassanuzzaman, M. , 2011, “ Numerical Analysis of Fluid Flow Due to Mixed Convection in a Lid-Driven Cavity Having a Heated Circular Hollow Cylinder,” Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transfer, 38(8), pp. 1093–1103.
Rani, H. P. , and Reddy, G. J. , 2011, “ Conjugate Transient Free Convective Heat Transfer From a Vertical Slender Hollow Cylinder With Heat Generation Effect,” Appl. Math., 1(2), pp. 90–98.
Ansys, 2013, “ Ansys Fluent, Release 15.0, User Manual,” ANSYS, Inc., Canonsburg, PA.
Senapati, J. R. , Dash, S. K. , and Roy, S. , 2016, “ Numerical Investigation of Natural Convection Heat Transfer Over Annular Finned Horizontal Cylinder,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 96, pp. 330–345.
Senapati, J. R. , Dash, S. K. , and Roy, S. , 2016, “ 3D Numerical Study of the Effect of Eccentricity on Heat Transfer Characteristics Over Horizontal Cylinder Fitted With Annular Fins,” Int. J. Therm. Sci., 108, pp. 28–39.
Morgan, V. T. , 1975, The Overall Convective Heat Transfer From Smooth Circular Cylinders, Academic Press, New York.

## Figures

Fig. 2

(a) A solid or thin hollow cylinder in air with the computational domain around it, (b) solid or the thin hollow cylinder lying on ground with its computational domain (aschematic representation)

Fig. 1

Flow vector around a (a) hollow and (b) solid isothermal cylinder on ground, L/D = 1, Ra = 10

Fig. 3

Influence of domain height on average Nu for a solid cylinder in air

Fig. 4

(a) Cell arrangement for hollow cylinder in air, (b) cross-sectional view, and (c) blown up view near the cylinder wall

Fig. 5

Average Nu for a hollow cylinder in air as a function of number of cells

Fig. 6

Average Nu for a solid cylinder in air, a comparison with experimental correlation

Fig. 11

Comparison of Nu between a solid and hollow cylinder on ground

Fig. 8

Temperature plume near a hollow cylinder on (a) ground and in (b) air, Ra = 108, L/D = 5

Fig. 9

Average Nu for a solid cylinder in air or ground when end faces are isothermal

Fig. 10

Comparison of Nu between a solid and hollow cylinder in air

Fig. 19

Thermal buoyant plume around a solid and hollow cylinder in air or ground

Fig. 12

Comparison of heat loss from the outer and inner surface of a hollow cylinder when placed in air

Fig. 13

Comparison of heat loss from the outer and inner surface of a hollow cylinder when placed on ground

Fig. 14

Velocity vector around a hollow cylinder placed on ground for Ra = 106, L/D (a) 0.5, (c) 1, and (e) 2

Fig. 15

Temperature plume around a hollow cylinder at Ra = 106 and L/D (a) 1, (b) 2, and (c) 5 when the cylinder is in air

Fig. 16

Temperature plume around a hollow cylinder at Ra = 106 and L/D (a) 1, (b) 2, and (c) 5 when the cylinder is on ground

Fig. 17

Thermal plume around a short solid cylinder in air (a)–(b) and ground (c)(d), Ra = 106

Fig. 18

velocity vector around a short solid cylinder in air (a)–(b) and ground (c)–(d), Ra = 106

Fig. 7

(a) Average Nu for a solid cylinder in air or lying on ground as a function of L/D and (b) average Nu for a hollow cylinder in air or lying on ground as a function of L/D

Fig. 20

A comparison of predicted Nu with that of the computed value for a solid cylinder in air

## Errata

Some tools below are only available to our subscribers or users with an online account.

### Related Content

Customize your page view by dragging and repositioning the boxes below.

Related Journal Articles
Related Proceedings Articles
Related eBook Content
Topic Collections