0
Research Papers: Heat and Mass Transfer

# The Effect of Naturally Developing Roughness on the Mass Transfer in Pipes Under Different Reynolds Numbers

[+] Author and Article Information
D. Wang, D. Ewing

Department of Mechanical Engineering,
McMaster University,

C. Y. Ching

Department of Mechanical Engineering,
McMaster University,
e-mail: chingcy@mcmaster.ca

1Corresponding author.

Contributed by the Heat Transfer Division of ASME for publication in the JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER. Manuscript received September 30, 2016; final manuscript received April 27, 2017; published online June 6, 2017. Assoc. Editor: Jim A. Liburdy.

J. Heat Transfer 139(10), 102005 (Jun 06, 2017) (8 pages) Paper No: HT-16-1615; doi: 10.1115/1.4036728 History: Received September 30, 2016; Revised April 27, 2017

## Abstract

The local mass transfer over dissolving surfaces was measured at pipe Reynolds number of 50,000, 100,000, and 200,000. Tests were run at multiple time periods for each Reynolds number using 203 mm diameter test sections that had gypsum linings dissolving to water in a closed flow loop at a Schmidt number of 1200. The local mass transfer was calculated from the decrease in thickness of the gypsum lining that was measured using X-ray-computed tomography (CT) scans. The range of Sherwood numbers for the developing roughness in the pipe was in good agreement with the previous studies. The mass transfer enhancement (Sh/Shs) was dependent on both the height ($ep−v$) and spacing ($λstr$) of the roughness scallops. For the developing roughness, two periods of mass transfer were present: (i) an initial period of rapid increase in enhancement when the density of scallops increases till the surface is spatially saturated with the scallops and (ii) a slower period of increase in enhancement beyond this point, where the streamwise spacing is approximately constant, and the roughness height grows more rapidly. The mass transfer enhancement was found to correlate well with the parameter ($ep−v/λstr$)0.2, with a weak dependence on Reynolds number.

<>

## References

Dooley, R. B. , and Chexal, V. K. , 2000, “ Flow-Accelerated Corrosion of Pressure Vessels in Fossil Plants,” Int. J. Pressure Vessels Piping, 77(2–3), pp. 85–90.
Dooley, R. B. , 2008, “ Flow-Accelerated Corrosion in Fossil and Combined Cycle/HRSG Plants,” Power Plant Chem., 10(2), pp. 68–89.
Kain, V. , Roychowdhury, S. , Ahmedabadi, P. , and Barua, D. K. , 2011, “ Flow Accelerated Corrosion: Experience From Examination of Components From Nuclear Power Plants,” Eng. Failure Anal., 18(8), pp. 2028–2041.
Dawson, A. , and Trass, O. , 1972, “ Mass Transfer at Rough Surfaces,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 15(7), pp. 1317–1336.
Tantiridge, S. , and Trass, O. , 1984, “ Mass Transfer at Geometrically Dissimilar Rough Surfaces,” Can. J. Chem. Eng., 62(4), pp. 490–496.
Zhao, W. , and Trass, O. , 1997, “ Electrochemical Mass Transfer Measurements in Rough Surface Pipe Flow: Geometrically Similar V-Shaped Grooves,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 40(12), pp. 2785–2797.
Postlethwaite, J. , and Lotz, U. , 1988, “ Mass Transfer at Erosion-Corrosion Roughened Surfaces,” Can. J. Chem. Eng., 66(1), pp. 75–78.
Lolja, S. A. , 2005, “ Momentum and Mass Transfer on Sandpaper-Roughened Surfaces in Pipe Flow,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 48(11), pp. 2209–2218.
Berger, F. P. , Hau, K.-F. , and Hau, F.-L. , 1979, “ Local Mass/Heat Transfer Distribution on Surfaces Roughened With Small Square Ribs,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 22(12), pp. 1645–1656.
Coney, M. W. E. , 1980, Erosion Corrosion: The Calculation of Mass Transfer Coefficients, CEGB, London.
Blumberg, P. H. , 1970, “ Flutes: A Study of Stable Periodic Dissolution Profiles Resulting From the Interaction of a Soluble Surface and an Adjacent Turbulent Flow,” Ph.D. thesis, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Poulson, B. , 1990, “ Mass Transfer From Rough Surfaces,” Corros. Sci., 30(6–7), pp. 743–746.
Mazhar, H. , Ewing, D. , Cotton, J. S. , and Ching, C. Y. , 2014, “ Mass Transfer in Dual Pipe Bends Arranged in an S-Configuration,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 71, pp. 747–757.
Le, T. , Ewing, D. , Schefski, C. , and Ching, C. Y. , 2014, “ Mass Transfer in Back-to-Back Elbows Arranged in an Out of Plane Configuration,” Nucl. Eng. Des., 270, pp. 209–216.
Wang, D. , Le, T. , Ewing, D. , and Ching, C. Y. , 2016, “ Measurement of Local Mass Transfer and the Resulting Roughness in a Large Diameter S-Bend at High Reynolds Number,” ASME J. Heat Transfer, 138(6), p. 062001.
Sheikholeslami, M. , Gorji-Bandpy, M. , and Ganji, D. , 2015, “ Review of Heat Transfer Enhancement Methods: Focus on Passive Methods Using Swirl Flow Devices,” Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., 49, pp. 444–469.
Dewan, A. , Mahanta, P. , Sumithra Raju, K. , and Suresh Kumar, P. , 2004, “ Review of Passive Heat Transfer Augmentation Techniques,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part A, 218(7), pp. 509–527.
Barba, A. , Rainieri, S. , and Spig, M. , 2002, “ Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Corrugated Tube,” Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transfer, 29(3), pp. 313–322.
Garcia, A. , Solano, J. P. , Vicente, P. G. , and Viedma, A. , 2012, “ The Influence of Artificial Roughness Shape on Heat Transfer Enhancement: Corrugated Tubes, Dimpled Tubes and Wire Coils,” Appl. Therm. Eng., 35, pp. 196–201.
Webb, R. L. , Eckert, E. R. G. , and Goldstein, R. J. , 1971, “ Heat Transfer and Friction in Tubes With Repeated-rib Roughness,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 14(4), pp. 601–617.
Prasad, B. N. , and Saini, J. S. , 1988, “ Effect of Artificial Roughness on Heat Transfer and Friction Factor in a Solar Air Heater,” Solar Energy, 41(6), pp. 555–560.
Ravigururajan, T. S. , and Bergles, A. E. , 1996, “ Development and Verification of General Correlations for Pressure Drop and Heat Transfer in Single-Phase Turbulent Flow in Enhanced Tubes,” Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., 13(1), pp. 55–70.
Villien, B. , Zheng, Y. , and Lister, D. , 2005, “ Surface Dissolution and the Development of Scallops,” Chem. Eng. Commun., 192(1), pp. 125–136.
Allen, J. R. L. , 1971, “ Bed Forms Due to Mass Transfer in Turbulent Flows: A Kaleidoscope of Phenomena,” J. Fluid Mech., 49(1), pp. 49–63.
Blumberg, P. N. , and Curl, R. L. , 1974, “ Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Dissolution Roughness,” J. Fluid Mech., 65(4), pp. 735–751.
Thomas, R. M. , 1979, “ Size of Scallops and Ripples Formed by Flowing Water,” Nature, 277(25), pp. 281–283.
Wang, D. , Ewing, D. , and Ching, C. Y. , 2016, “ Time Evolution of Surface Roughness Due to Mass Transfer in Pipes Under Different Reynolds Numbers,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 103, pp. 661–671.
Wilkin, S. J. , Oates, H. S. , and Coney, M. , 1983, “ Mass Transfer on Straight Pipes and 90° Bends Measured by the Dissolution of Plaster,” 1st ed., Central Electricity Research Laboratories Report, Surrey, London, Report No. TPRD/L/2469/N83.
Simpson, J. H. , and Carr, H. Y. , 1958, “ Diffusion and Nuclear Spin Relaxation in Water,” Phys. Rev., 111(5), pp. 1201–1202.
Sobel, I. , 1990, “ An Isotropic 3×3 Gradient Operator,” Machine Vision for Three Dimensional Scenes, H. Freeman , ed., Academic Press, New York, pp. 376–379.
Daubechies, I. , 1988, “ Orthonormal Bases of Compactly Supported Wavelets,” Commun. Pure Appl. Math., 41(7), pp. 909–996.
Wang, D. , Huang, Y. , Ewing, D. , Chow, T. , Cotton, J. , Noseworthy, M. D. , and Ching, C. Y. , 2015, “ On the Non-Destructive Measurement of Local Mass Transfer Using X-Ray Computed Tomography,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 81, pp. 531–541.
Kline, S. J. , and McClintock, F. A. , 1953, “ Describing Uncertainties in Single Sample Experiments,” Mech. Eng., 75(1), pp. 3–8.
Colebrook, C. F. , and White, C. M. , 1937, “ Experiments With Fluid Friction in Roughened Pipes,” Proc. R. Soc. A, 161(906), pp. 367–381.
Nikuradse, J. , 1933, “ Laws of Flow in Rough Pipes,” National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, Washington, DC, Report No. NACA-TM-1292.
Zagarola, M. V. , and Smits, A. J. , 1998, “ Mean-Flow Scaling of Turbulent Pipe Flow,” J. Fluid Mech., 373, pp. 33–79.
Shockling, M. A. , Allen, J. J. , and Smits, A. J. , 2006, “ Roughness Effects in the Turbulent Pipe Flow,” J. Fluid Mech., 564, pp. 267–285.
Berger, F. P. , and Hau, K.-F. F.-L. , 1977, “ Mass Transfer in Turbulent Pipe Flow Measured by the Electrochemical Method,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 20(11), pp. 1185–1194.

## Figures

Fig. 1

Schematic of test facility

Fig. 2

Pictures of the experimental facility showing (a) lower part of the flow loop including the pump and valves and (b) top part of the flow loop including the test section and reservoir

Fig. 3

Local distribution of Sherwood number in different time periods for surfaces exposed to flow with: (a) Re = 50,000, (b) Re = 100,000, and (c) Re = 200,000 (times are given in modified time)

Fig. 4

Variation of Sherwood number averaged in sampling areas as a function of normalized peak to valley roughness height for the three Reynolds numbers

Fig. 5

Illustration of estimating Sherwood number in nearly smooth region where the ratio of peak to valley roughness and streamwise spacing is smaller than 0.01

Fig. 6

Comparison of the range of mass transfer rates averaged in each sampling area measured in current experiments with the previous studies for both smooth and rough surfaces

Fig. 7

Variation of mass transfer enhancement (Sh/Shs) as afunction of normalized peak to valley roughness height andcomparison with mass transfer results from Dawson andTrass [4]

Fig. 8

Variation of mass transfer (Sh/Shs) enhancement as a function of height to spacing (pitch) ratio

Fig. 9

Variation of Sherwood number as a function of height to spacing (pitch) ratio

Fig. 10

Variation of roughness height to spacing ratio as a function of normalized height with a best fit power correlation between them

## Discussions

Some tools below are only available to our subscribers or users with an online account.

### Related Content

Customize your page view by dragging and repositioning the boxes below.

Related Journal Articles
Related Proceedings Articles
Related eBook Content
Topic Collections