... structure design parameters of bilayer actuators and their correspondingly self-assembly speed has been studied. Our main findings the process parameters of 4D printing is a simple and effective design principle for controlling the speed of self-assembly. By properly designing the bilayer actuators, 3D...

... Abstract 4D printing, as an emerging technology, fabricates structures with smart materials which deform under stimuli. The bilayer structure is special in 4D printing that has lots of capabilities such as self-folding. The prediction of bilayer structure deformation in the design phase is very...

... Abstract 4D printing has great potential for fabricating patient-specific and stimuli responsive 3D structures for the medical sector. This paper conducts a systematic research about mechanical behavior based on 4D printing bilayer helical structure. The anisotropic characteristics...

... Abstract Four dimensional (4D) printing is the convergence of three dimensional (3D) printing, which is an emerging additive manufacturing technology for smart materials. 4D printing is referred to the capability of changing the shape, property, or functionality of a 3D printed structure under...

... Abstract In the traditional 4D printing method using Shape Memory Polymer (SMP), the design process and preparation of 4d printing are complex. In this research, we proposed a design method of a temperature-driven SMP smart structure and made Realization. This smart structure also a bilayer...