The mechanical properties of graphene oxide papers have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their high stiffness and tough behavior. While the structural feature most commonly characterized is the nanosheet spacing, there is a hierarchical structure, which is likely responsible for the impressive mechanical properties. In this paper, we examine the structure of graphene oxide papers on several length scales using novel techniques to distinguish between lamellae and a newly defined feature, termed “super-lamellae.” The differentiation between these intermediate features provides context to the previously observed mechanical response and fracture surfaces of graphene oxide papers, particularly under uniaxial tension.

References

1.
Dikin
,
D. A.
, Stankovich, S., Zimney, E. J., Piner, R. D., Dommett, G. H. B., Evmenenko, G., Nguyen, S. T., and Ruoff, R. S.,
2007
, “
Preparation and Characterization of Graphene Oxide Paper
,”
Nature
,
448
(
7152
), pp.
457
460
.10.1038/nature06016
2.
Stankovich
,
S.
, Dikin, D. A., Dommett, G. H. B., Kohlhaas, K. M., Zimney, E. J., Stach, E. A., Piner, R. D., Nguyen, S. T., and Ruoff, R. S.,
2006
, “
Graphene-Based Composite Materials
,”
Nature
,
442
(
7100
), pp.
282
286
.10.1038/nature04969
3.
Park
,
S.
, Suk, J. W., An, J., Oh, J., Lee, S., Lee, W., Potts, J. R., Byun, J.-H., and Ruoff, R. S.,
2012
, “
The Effect of Concentration of Graphene Nanoplatelets on Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Reduced Graphene Oxide Papers
,”
Carbon
,
50
(
12
), pp.
4573
4578
.10.1016/j.carbon.2012.05.042
4.
Compton
,
O. C.
, and
S. T.
Nguyen
,.
2010
, “
Graphene Oxide, Highly Reduced Graphene Oxide, and Graphene: Versatile Building Blocks for Carbon-Based Materials
,”
Small
6
(
6
), pp.
711
723
.10.1002/smll.200901934
5.
Li
,
D.
, Muller, M. B., Gilje, S., Kaner, R. B., and Wallace, G. G.,
2008
, “
Processable Aqueous Dispersions of Graphene Nanosheets
,”
Nature Nanotech.
,
3
(
2
), pp.
101
105
.10.1038/nnano.2007.451
6.
Nawaz
,
K.
, Khan, U., Ul-Haq, N., May, P., O'Neill, A., and Coleman, J. N.,
2012
, “
Observation of Mechanical Percolation in Functionalized Graphene Oxide/Elastomer Composites
,”
Carbon.
50
(
12
), pp.
4489
4494
.10.1016/j.carbon.2012.05.029
7.
Putz
,
K. W.
, Compton, O. C., Palmeri, M. J., Nguyen, S. T., and Brinson, L. C.,
2010
, “
High-Nanofiller-Content Graphene Oxide-Polymer Nanocomposites Via Vacuum-Assisted Self-Assembly
,”
Adv. Funct. Mater.
,
20
(
19
), pp.
3322
3329
.10.1002/adfm.201000723
8.
Putz
,
K. W.
, Compton, O. C., Segar, C., An, Z., Nguyen, S. T., and Brinson, L. C.,
2011
, “
Evolution of Order During Vacuum-Assisted Self-Assembly of Graphene Oxide Paper and Associated Polymer Nanocomposites
,”
Acs Nano
,
5
(
8
), pp.
6601
6609
.10.1021/nn202040c
9.
Chen
,
H.
, Muller, M. B., Gilmore, K. J., Wallace, G. G., and Li, D.,
2008
, “
Mechanically Strong, Electrically Conductive, and Biocompatible Graphene Paper
,”
Adv. Mater.
,
20
(
18
), p.
3557
.10.1002/adma.200800757
10.
Valles
,
C.
, Nunez, J. D., Benito, A. M., and Maser, W. K.,
2012
, “
Flexible Conductive Graphene Paper Obtained by Direct and Gentle Annealing of Graphene Oxide Paper
,”
Carbon
,
50
(
3
), pp.
835
844
.10.1016/j.carbon.2011.09.042
11.
Chen
,
H.
, Müller, M. B., Gilmore, K. J., Wallace, G. G., and Li, D.,
2008
, “
Mechanically Strong, Electrically Conductive, and Biocompatible Graphene Paper
,”
Adv. Mater.
,
20
(
18
), pp.
3557
3561
.10.1002/adma.200800757
12.
Yan
,
X.
, Chen, J., Yang, J., Xue, Q., and Miele, P.,
2010
, “
Fabrication of Free-Standing, Electrochemically Active, and Biocompatible Graphene Oxide-Polyaniline and Graphene-Polyaniline Hybrid Papers
,”
Appl. Mater. Interf.
,
2
(
9
), pp.
2521
2529
.10.1021/am100293r
13.
Compton
,
O. C.
, Cranford, S. W., Putz, K. W., An, Z., Brinson, L. C., Buehler, M. J., and Nguyen, S. T.,
2012
, “
Tuning the Mechanical Properties of Graphene Oxide Paper and Its Associated Polymer Nanocomposites by Controlling Cooperative Intersheet Hydrogen Bonding
,”
Acs Nano
,
6
(
3
), pp.
2008
2019
.10.1021/nn202928w
14.
An
,
Z.
, Compton, O. C., Putz, K. W., Brinson, L. C., and Nguyen, S. T.,
2011
, “
Bio-lnspired Borate Cross-Linking in Ultra-Stiff Graphene Oxide Thin Films
,”
Adv. Mater.
,
23
(
33
), p.
3842
.
15.
Satti
,
A.
,
Larpent
,
P.
, and
Gun'ko
,
Y.
,
2010
, “
Improvement of Mechanical Properties of Graphene Oxide/Poly(allylamine) Composites by Chemical Crosslinking
,”
Carbon
,
48
(
12
), pp.
3376
3381
.10.1016/j.carbon.2010.05.030
16.
Park
,
S.
, Dikin, D. A., Nguyen, S. T., and Ruoff, R. S.,
2009
, “
Graphene Oxide Sheets Chemically Cross-Linked by Polyallylamine
,”
J. Phys. Chem. C
,
113
(
36
), pp.
15801
15804
.10.1021/jp907613s
17.
Park
,
S.
, An, J., Jung, I., Piner, R. D., An, S. J., Li, X., Velamakanni, A., and Ruoff, R. S.,
2009
, “
Colloidal Suspensions of Highly Reduced Graphene Oxide in a Wide Variety of Organic Solvents
,”
Nano Lett.
,
9
(
4
), pp.
1593
1597
.10.1021/nl803798y
18.
Su
,
Y. J.
, Wei, H., Gao, R. G., Yang, Z., Zhang, J., Zhong, Z. H., and Zhang, Y. F.,
2012
, “
Exceptional Negative Thermal Expansion and Viscoelastic Properties of Graphene Oxide Paper
,”
Carbon
,
50
(
8
), pp.
2804
2809
.10.1016/j.carbon.2012.02.045
19.
Palmeri
,
M. J.
,
2011
, “
Influence of Secondary Interactions at Graphene-Based Surfaces on the Dynamic and Mechanical Properties in Nanostructured Systems
,”
Materials Science and Engineering
,
Northwestern University
,
Evanston, IL
.
20.
Barthelat
,
F.
, and
Espinosa
,
H. D.
,
2007
, “
An Experimental Investigation of Deformation and Fracture of Nacre-Mother of Pearl
,”
Exper. Mech.
,
47
(
3
), pp.
311
324
.10.1007/s11340-007-9040-1
21.
Wang
,
R. Z.
, Suo, Z., Evans, A. G., Yao, N., and Aksay, I. A.,
2001
, “
Deformation Mechanisms in Nacre
,”
J. Mater. Res.
,
16
(
9
), pp.
2485
2493
.10.1557/JMR.2001.0340
22.
CES Selector
,”
2002
,
Granta Design Limited
,
Cambridge, UK
.
You do not currently have access to this content.