Abstract

This paper addresses the problem of point-to-point path planning of a 3D model of a quadcopter carrying a suspended load by parameterizing its differentially flat outputs. The flat outputs are the Cartesian coordinates of the suspended load and the yaw angle of the quadcopter. The time integral of the absolute angular rate of the suspended load is minimized to synthesize a trajectory which minimizes the pendular oscillations of the suspended load while the quadcopter transition from one point of rest to another. An established feedback controller and an input shaped profile for the closed loop system dynamics using position as reference and also velocity as reference are also developed to compare the performance of the proposed controller. Experimental results validate results obtained via simulation showing that the differential flat solution outperforms the pure feedback and the feedback system with input shaping prefilters.

References

1.
Carpenter
,
J.
,
2013
, “
The Quiet Professional: An Investigation of US Military Explosive Ordnance Disposal Personnel Interactions With Everyday Field Robots
,” Thesis,
University of Washington
,
Seattle, WA
.
2.
Wychreschuk
,
A.
,
2012
, “
The UAV Logger as a Potential Alternative for Timber Transportation in the Canadian Boreal Forest
,” Master’s thesis,
University of Manitoba
,
Winnipeg
.
3.
AB
,
A. G.
,
2019
, “
Thunder Wasp Firefighting
,” https://acc-group.se/news/2021-9-15/firefighting, Accessed January 21, 2022.
4.
Gonzalez
,
L. F.
,
Montes
,
G. A.
,
Puig
,
E.
,
Johnson
,
S.
,
Mengersen
,
K.
, and
Gaston
,
K. J.
,
2016
, “
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Artificial Intelligence Revolutionizing Wildlife Monitoring and Conservation
,”
Sensors
,
16
(
1
), p.
97
.
5.
Goodarzi
,
F. A.
,
2016
, “
Autonomous Aerial Payload Delivery With Quadrotor Using Varying Length Cable
,”
International Conference on Advanced Mechatronic Systems (ICAMechS)
,
Melbourne, Australia
,
Nov. 30–Dec. 3
, pp.
394
399
.
6.
Sadr
,
S.
,
Moosavian
,
S. A. A.
, and
Zarafshan
,
P.
,
2014
, “
Dynamics Modeling and Control of a Quadrotor With Swing Load
,”
J. Rob.
,
2014
, pp. 1–12.
7.
Adams
,
C.
,
Potter
,
J.
, and
Singhose
,
W.
,
2012
, “
Modeling and Input Shaping Control of a Micro Coaxial Radiocontrolled Helicopter Carrying a Suspended Load
,”
12th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS)
,
Jeju Island, South Korea
,
Oct. 17–21
,
IEEE
, pp.
645
650
.
8.
Homolka
,
P.
,
Hromčík
,
M.
, and
Vyhlídal
,
T.
,
2017
, “
Input Shaping Solutions for Drones With Suspended Load: First Results
,”
21st International Conference on Process Control (PC)
,
Strbske Pleso, Slovakia
,
June 6–9
,
IEEE
, pp.
30
35
.
9.
Nicotra
,
M. M.
,
Garone
,
E.
,
Naldi
,
R.
, and
Marconi
,
L.
,
2014
, “
Nested Saturation Control of an UAV Carrying a Suspended Load
,”
American Control Conference (ACC)
,
Portland, OR
,
June 4–6
,
IEEE
, pp.
3585
3590
.
10.
Dai
,
S.
,
Lee
,
T.
, and
Bernstein
,
D. S.
,
2014
, “
Adaptive Control of a Quadrotor UAV Transporting a Cablesuspended Load With Unknown Mass
,”
IEEE 53rd Annual Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)
,
Los Angeles, CA
,
Dec. 15–17
,
IEEE
, pp.
6149
6154
.
11.
Vargas Moreno
,
A. E.
,
2017
, “
Machine Learning Techniques to Estimate the Dynamics of a Slung Load Multirotor UAV System
,” PhD thesis,
University of Glasgow
,
Glasgow
.
12.
Smith
,
O. J.
,
1957
, “
Posicast Control of Damped Oscillatory Systems
,”
Proc. IRE
,
45
(
9
), pp.
1249
1255
.
13.
Nandi
,
S.
, and
Singh
,
T.
,
2020
, “
Joint Chance Constrained Input Shaping
,”
J. Franklin Inst.
,
357
(
14
), pp.
10027
10053
.
14.
Singh
,
T.
, and
Vadali
,
S.
,
1995
, “
Robust Time-Delay Control of Multimode Systems
,”
Int. J. Control
,
62
(
6
), pp.
1319
1339
.
15.
Fliess
,
M.
,
Lévine
,
J.
,
Martin
,
P.
, and
Rouchon
,
P.
,
1995
, “
Flatness and Defect of Non-linear Systems: Introductory Theory and Examples
,”
Int. J. Control
,
61
(
6
), pp.
1327
1361
.
16.
Ogunbodede
,
O.
,
Yoshinaga
,
R.
, and
Singh
,
T.
,
2019
, “
Vibration Control of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle With Suspended Load Using the Concept of Differential Flatness
,”
American Control Conference (ACC)
,
Philadelphia, PA
,
July 10–12
,
IEEE
, pp.
4268
4273
. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.23919/ACC.2019.8815137
17.
Singh
,
T.
,
2009
,
Optimal Reference Shaping for Dynamical Systems: Theory and Applications
,
CRC Press
,
Boca Raton, FL
.
18.
Peng
,
D.-W.
,
Singh
,
T.
, and
Milano
,
M.
,
2015
, “
Zero-Phase Velocity Tracking of Vibratory Systems
,”
Control Eng. Pract.
,
40
, pp.
93
101
.
You do not currently have access to this content.