Weather satellite scan mirror performance often demands high pointing accuracy, rapid reposition times, and low peak power consumption. This work addresses and compares various techniques for optimizing these specific performances when the scan pattern is repetitive. We find that a technique combining open and closed-loop control in a timed sequence can often lead to the lowest pointing error in the shortest time interval while minimizing peak power. The technique applies equally well to applications such as robotics, automated manufacturing or any other electromechanical control system where quick, accurate response is needed while minimizing peak power.

1.
Broberg, H. L., 1993, “Theory and Optimization: The Coherent Error Integrator, East-West Mirror Servomechanism, Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES),” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Toledo.
2.
Li
,
W.
, and
Cheng
,
X.
,
1994
, “
Adaptive High-Precision Control of Positioning Tables-Theory and experiments
,”
IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol.
3
, No.
3
, pp.
265
270
.
3.
Robeck
,
L.
,
Rathbun
,
D.
, and
Lehman
,
D.
,
1991
,
IEEE Control Syst. Mag.
11
, No.
3
, pp.
46
52
.
4.
Smith
,
M.
,
Annaswamy
,
A.
, and
Slocum
,
A.
,
1995
, “
Adaptive control strategies for a precision machine tool axis
,”
Precis. Eng.
17
, No.
3
, pp.
192
206
.
5.
Vira
,
N.
, and
Alagudu
,
M.
,
1995
, “
Precision measurements and control of an automated two-dimensional grid plate testing machine
,”
ISA Trans.
34
,
101
116
.
6.
Kurfess, T. R., and Jenkins, H., 1996, “Ultra-High Precision Control,” The Control Handbook, W. S. Levine, ed., CRC Press and IEEE Press, Chap. 77.3, pp. 1386–1405.
7.
Armstrong-Helouvry
,
B.
,
Dupont
,
P.
, and
Canudas De Wit
,
C.
,
1994
,“
A Survey of Models, Analysis Tools and Compensation Methods for the Control of Machines with Friction
,”
Automatica
30
, No.
7
, pp
1083
1138
.
8.
Dahl, P., 1975, “Solid Friction Damping of Spacecraft Oscillations,” The Aerospace Corporation, AIAA Paper No. 75-1104.
9.
Inoue, T., Nakano, M., and Iwai, S., 1981, “High Accuracy Control of Servomechanism for Repeated Contouring,” Proceedings of the 10th Annual Symposium on Incremental Motion Control Systems and Devices, pp. 285–292.
10.
Inoue, T., Nakano, M., Kubo, T., Matsumoto, S., and Baba, H., 1981, “High Accuracy Control of a Proton Synchrotron Magnet Power Supply,” International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC) 8th Triennial World Congress, Kyoto, Japan, published by Pergamon Press for IFAC, pp. 3137–3142.
11.
Tomizuka
,
M.
,
1987
, “
Zero Phase Error Tracking Algorithm for Digital Control
,”
ASME J. Dyn. Syst., Meas., Control
109
,
65
68
.
12.
Tomizuka
,
M.
,
1993
, “
On the Design of Digital Tracking Controllers
,”
ASME J. Dyn. Syst., Meas., Control
115
,
412
418
.
13.
Wang
,
Y.
, and
Longman
,
R.
,
1996
, “
Use of Non-Causal Digital Signal Processing in Learning and Repetitive Control
,”
Adv. Astronaut. Sci.
,
90
,
649
668
.
14.
Chew
,
K.
, and
Tomizuka
,
M.
,
1990
, “
Digital Control of Repetitive Errors in Disk Drive Systems
,”
IEEE Control Syst. Mag.
10
, pp.
16
20
.
15.
Tomizuka, M., Anwar, G., and Fang, B., 1988, “Control of Robot Manipulators under Repetitive Tasks-Segmented Repetitive Control Approach,” Proceedings IEEE Workshop on Intelligent Robot Systems, pp.157–163.
16.
Ozisik
,
H.
,
1989
, “
Development and implementation of a high speed open loop control technique for micropositioning of mechanical structures
,”
Precis. Eng.
11
, No.
4
, pp.
225
230
.
17.
Ozisik
,
H.
, and
Keltie
,
R. F.
,
1991
, “
Implementation of an open loop control technique for high-speed micropositioning in a single-point diamond turning process
,”
Precis. Eng.
13
, No.
2
, pp.
83
94
.
18.
Xia, Z., and Chang, S., 1986, “A Simple Robust Nonlinear Robotic Controller,” Recent Trends in Robotics, Jamshidi, Luh, and Shahinpoor, eds., North-Holland, New York, pp. 318–328.
19.
Racicot
,
R. L.
,
1993
, “
Increasing Mission Reliability by Using Open Loop Control
,”
IEEE Trans. Reliab.
42
, No.
3
, pp.
384
392
.
20.
Racicot
,
R. L.
,
1993
, “
Limiting Servo Motor Torque Gradients with Near Minimum Time Repositioning
,”
IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol.
1
, No.
4
, pp.
284
289
.
21.
Predina, J., 1991, Draft ITT (Aerospace-Communications) proposal for the High-Resolution Infrared Sounder (HIRS).
22.
Ho
,
H. T.
,
1997
, “
Fast Bang-Bang Seek Control
,”
IEEE Trans. Magn.
29
, No.
6
, pp.
4522
4527
.
23.
Meckl
,
P. H.
, and
Kinceler
,
R.
,
1994
, “
Robust Motion Control of Flexible Systems Using Feedforward Forcing Functions
,”
IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol.
2
, No.
3
, pp.
245
254
.
24.
Singhose, W., Singer, N., and Seering, W., 1995, “Comparison of Command Shaping Methods for Reducing Residual Vibration,” Proceedings of the 3rd European Control Conference, pp. 1126–1131.
25.
Pao, L. Y., and Singhose, W. E., 1998, “Robust Minimum Time Control of Flexible Structures,” Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 229–236.
26.
Tuttle
,
T. D.
, and
Seering
,
W. P.
,
1999
, “
Creating Time-Optimal Commands with Practical Constraints
,”
J. Guid. Control Dyn.
22
, No.
2
, pp.
241
250
.
27.
Broberg, H., and Molyet R., 1992, “Reduction of Repetitive Errors in Tracking of Periodic Signals: Theory and Application of Repetitive Control,” Proceedings of the 1st IEEE Conference on Control Applications, Dayton, OH.
28.
Cosner, C., Anwar, G., and Tomizuka, M., 1990, “Plug in Repetitive Control for Industrial Robotic Manipulators,” Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, pp. 1970–1975.
You do not currently have access to this content.