This paper presents the potential of composting oil wet drill cuttings as a drilling waste disposal option. The potential is substantiated by results from several laboratory and field experiments. Artificially oil wetted drill cuttings were prepared by adding commonly used base oils from Norwegian offshore operations to a representative clay. Degradation of the hydrocarbon components in the oily wet cuttings by vermicomposting was successfully accomplished. The composts were beneficially used as part of growing media for landscape plants; ryegrass, coniferous, and deciduous trees, and the fertilization effect was compared with commercial NPK fertilizers. The plant growth studies showed that the composts produced by treating artificial oily drill cuttings by vermicomposting had considerable fertilizing effect on ryegrass and trees.

1.
Saasen
,
A.
,
Berntsen
,
M.
,
Løklingholm
,
G.
,
Igeltjørn
,
H.
, and
Åsnes
,
K.
, 2001, “
The Effect of Drilling Fluid Base Oil Properties on the Occupational Hygiene and the Marine Environment
,”
SPE Drill. Completion
1064-6671,
16
, pp.
150
153
.
2.
Saasen
,
A.
,
Hoset
,
H.
,
Rostad
,
E.
,
Fjogstad
,
A.
,
Aunan
,
O.
,
Westgård
,
E.
, and
Norkyn
,
P. I.
, 2001, “
Application of Ilmenite as Weight Material in Water-Based and Oil-Based Drilling Fluids
,”
Annual Technical Conference
,
New Orleans
, Paper No. SPE 71401.
3.
James
,
R.
,
Schei
,
T.
,
Navestad
,
P.
,
Geddes
,
T.
,
Nelson
,
G.
, and
Webster
,
D.
, 2000, “
Improving the Working Environment and Drilling Economics Through Better Understanding of Oil-Based Drilling Fluid Chemistry
,”
SPE Drill. Completion
1064-6671,
15
, pp.
254
260
.
4.
Saasen
,
A.
, 2003, “
Rheological Consequences of Environmental Restrictions and Occupational Hygiene Requirements While Drilling Offshore Wells
,”
Ann. Trans. Nordic Rheology Soc.
,
11
, pp.
3
7
, HCO tryk, Copenhagen.
5.
Saasen
,
A.
,
Tran
,
T. N.
,
Jøranson
,
H.
,
Meyer
,
E.
,
Gabrielsen
,
G.
, and
Tronstad
,
A. E.
, 2001, “
Subsea Re-Injection of Drilled Cuttings—Operational Experience
,”
presented at the SPE/IADC Drilling Conference
,
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
, Feb. 27–Mar. 1, Paper No. SPE/IADC 67733.
6.
Veil
,
J. A.
, 2003, “
Innovative Technologies for Managing Oil Field Waste
,”
ASME J. Energy Resour. Technol.
0195-0738,
125
, pp.
238
248
.
7.
Getliff
,
J.
,
McEwen
,
G.
,
Ross
,
S.
,
Richards
,
R.
, and
Norman
,
M.
, 2002, “
Drilling Fluid Design and the Use of Vermiculture for the Remediation of Drill Cuttings
,”
presented at the AADE 2002 Technology Conference “Drilling Completion Fluids and Waste Management
,” Houston, TX, Apr. 2–3, Paper No. AADE-02-DFWM-HO-16.
8.
Norman
,
M.
,
Ross
,
S.
,
McEwen
,
G.
, and
Getliff
,
J.
, 2002, “
Minimizing Environmental Impact and Maximising Hole Stability: Significance of Drilling With Synthetic Fluids in New Zealand
,”
New Zealand Petroleum Conference
, Feb. 24–27.
9.
Paulsen
,
J. E.
,
Getliff
,
J.
, and
Sørheim
,
R.
, 2004, “
Vermicomposting and Best Available Technique for Oily Drilling Waste Management in Environmentally Sensitive Areas
,”
presented at the Seventh SPE International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production
,
Calgary, Canada
, Mar. 29–31, Paper No. SPE 86730.
10.
Albertsen
,
T.
,
Omland
,
T. H.
,
Taugbøl
,
K.
,
Saasen
,
A.
, and
Svanes
,
K.
, 2004, “
The Effect of the Oil-Based Drilling Fluid’s Internal Water Phase Composition on Barite Sag
,”
presented at the IADC/SPE Drilling Conference
,
Dallas, TX
, Mar. 2–4, Paper No. SPE/IADC 87135.
11.
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
(OECD), 1984, Guideline for Testing of Chemicals: Earthworm Acute Toxicity Test; No. 207. Paris.
12.
Haraldsen
,
T. K.
, and
Pedersen
,
P. A.
, 2003, “
Mixtures of Crushed Rock, Forest Soils, and Sewage Sludge Used as Soils for Grassed Green Areas
,”
Urban Forestry and Urban Greening
,
2
, pp.
41
52
.
13.
Egnér
,
H.
,
Riehm
,
H.
, and
Domingo
,
W. R.
, 1960, “
Untersuchungen über die Chemische Boden-Analyse als Grundlage für die Beurteilung des Nährstoffzustandes der Böden. II. Chemische Extraktionsmethoden zur Phosphor und Kaliumbestimmung
” (in German),
Kungliga Lantbrukshögskolans Annaler
,
26
, pp.
199
215
.
14.
Fostad
,
O.
, and
Pedersen
,
P. A.
, 2003, “
Container-Grown Tree Seedling Response to Sodium Chloride Applications in Different Substrates
,”
Environ. Pollut.
0269-7491,
109
, pp.
203
210
.
15.
2003, Regulation on Fertilizer Materials of Organic Origin, Norwegian Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of the Environment, and Ministry of Health and Care Services No. F-1029.
16.
Bergmann
,
W.
, 1983,
Ernähringsstörungen bei Kulturpflanzen
,
Gustav Fischer
,
Stuttgart, Germany
.
You do not currently have access to this content.