A formulation is developed to apply the two-layer model to rough surfaces. The approach involves modifying the formula and the boundary condition on k. A hydrodynamic roughness length is introduced and related to the geometrical roughness through a calibration procedure. An experiment has been conducted to test the model. It provides data on flow over a ramp with and without surface roughness.
Issue Section:
Technical Papers
Topics:
Surface roughness
1.
Chen
, C.-J.
, and Patel
, V.-C.
, 1988
, “Near-wall turbulence models for complex flows including separation
,” AIAA J.
, 26
, pp. 641
–648
.2.
Rodi, W., 1991, “Experience using two-layer models combining the k−ε model with a one-equation model near the wall” AIAA paper 91-0609.
3.
Bogard
, D. G.
, Schmidt
, D. L.
, and Tabbtta
, M.
, 1998
, “Characterization and laboratory simulation of turbine airfoil surface roughness and associated heat transfer
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 120
, pp. 337
–342
.4.
Raupauch
, M. R.
, Antonia
, R. A.
, and Rajagopalan
, S.
, 1991
, “Rough-wall turbulent boundary layers
,” Appl. Mech. Rev.
, 44
, pp. 1
–25
.5.
Ligrani
, P. M.
, and Mo̸ffat
, R. J.
, 1986
, “Structure of transitionally rough and fully rough turbulent boundary layers
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 162
, pp. 69
–98
.6.
Kays, W. M., and Crawford, M. E., 1993, Convective Heat and Mass Transfer, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill, NY.
7.
Taylor
, R. P.
, Coleman
, H. W.
, and Hodge
, B. K.
, 1985
, “Prediction of turbulent rough-wall skin friction using a discrete element approach
,” ASME J. Fluids Eng.
, 107
, pp. 251
–257
.8.
Wilcox, D. C., 1993, Turbulence Modeling for CFD, DCW inc.
9.
Coleman, H. W., Moffat, R. J., and Kays, W. M., 1976, Momentum and energy transport in the accelerated fully rough turbulent boundary layer, Report HMT-24, Dept. of Mech. Eng., Stanford University.
10.
Kline, S. J., Morkovin, M. V., Sovran, G. and Cockrell, D. J., eds., 1968, Computation of Turbulent Boundary Layers, v. 1, AFOSR-IFP-Stanford conference.
11.
DeGraaff
, D. B.
, and Eaton
, J. K.
, 2000
, “Reynolds number scaling of the turbulent boundary layer on a flat plate and on swept and unswept bumps
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 422
, pp. 319
–386
.12.
Mierlo
, M. C. L. M.
, and De Rytter
, J. C. C.
, 1988
, “Turbulence measurements above artificial dunes,”
Report, Q789, Delft Hydraulics Laboratory, Netherlands.13.
Patel
, V. C.
, and Yoon
, J. Y.
, 1995
, “Application of turbulence models to separated flow over rough surfaces
,” ASME J. Fluids Eng.
, 117
, pp. 234
–241
.Copyright © 2001
by ASME
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