Blade Angle Effects on the Flow in a Tank Agitated by the Pitched-Blade Turbine

This paper presents a study of the influence of the blade angle on the flow in a tank stirred by the pitched-blade turbine. The flow induced by the pitched-blade turbine is usually described as an axial type with a principal ring vortex dominating the flow structure. However, it is known that as the blade becomes vertical, i.e., as the pitch angle of the blade becomes $90deg$⁠, the flow is of the radial type, with two main ring vortices occupying the tank. Thus, a transition of flow type must take place when the blade angle is varied. This motivates the current study. A computational method was developed, which incorporates the unstructured grid technique to deal with the complex geometry in the tank. Multiframe of reference was employed to handle the rotation of the impeller. The results show that the transition from the axial type to the redial type is not progressive, but occurs all of a sudden at a particular angle, depending on the configuration. This critical angle decreases as the off-bottom clearance and the impeller size are increased. Its influences on the flow angle of the discharge stream, the power requirement, the induced flow rate through the impeller, and the pumping efficiency are discussed. The mechanism to cause the sudden change of flow type is addressed through observing the flow on the surface of the turbine blade.