Losses Due to Conduit Components: An Optimization Strategy and Its Application

In the present study, we introduce a method which we call the glass box optimization (GBO) method as a strategy how to reduce flow losses whenever numerical data based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-results are available. Based on local values of the velocity and entropy generation fields, a systematic analysis of the loss mechanisms involved is used in order to develop control mechanisms for the reduction of losses due to a conduit component. Furthermore, it is shown how the losses are distributed between a component itself and the adjacent flow field. Since often a large amount of the losses occurs outside of the actual component, it is discussed under which circumstances an optimized component leads to improved efficiency of an entire fluid flow network. The method is exemplified for turbulent flow through a 90 deg bend.