... to measure velocity and acceleration fields of the fluid phase and solid phase simultaneously. The simultaneous, two-color DPIV∕DPIA measurements provided information on the changing characteristics of two-phase flow kinematic and dynamic quantities. Analysis of kinematic terms indicated that turbulence...

...David Greenblatt; Edward A. Moss Rapid transition to turbulence in a pipe flow, initially at rest, was achieved by temporally accelerating the flow and then sharply decelerating it to its final Reynolds number. The acceleration phase was characterized by the growth of a laminar boundary layer close...

... and 112,000, respectively. Double-exposure holographic interferometry was used to visualize the shock/water columns interaction. The process of the water columns deformation, displacement, and acceleration was well visualized and hence the drag coefficient of shock loaded water columns was evaluated...