Abstract

The death of a 72-year-old man is described who overdosed himself while in hospital. The man was being treated for lung cancer and ingested 90 mg of zopiclone in a suicide attempt. He died between 4 and 10 h after the ingestion. Zopiclone, quantitated by GC-MS in the femoral blood, cardiac blood, vitreous humor, urine and bile was found to be 254, 408, 94, 7,330, and 114,700 ng/mL, respectively. Considering the man's weakened physical condition, 90 mg could represent a minimum lethal zopiclone dose.

References

1.
Imovane® product monograph
.
Compendium of Pharmaceutical Specialties, 1996
.
Pharmaceutical Association of Canada
,
Ottawa, Canada
.
2.
Goa
K L
,
Heel
R C
.
Zopiclone: A review of pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy as a hypnotic
.
Drugs
 0012-6667
1986
;
32
:
48
-
65
.
3.
Foerster
E H
,
Hatchett
D
,
Garriott
J C
.
A rapid, comprehensive screening procedure for basic drugs in blood or tissues by gas chromatography
.
J Anal Toxicol
1978
;
2
:
50
-
55
.
4.
Foerster
E H
,
Dempsey
J
,
Garriott
J C
.
A gas chromatographic screening procedure for acid and neutral drugs in blood
.
J Anal Toxicol
1979
;
3
:
87
-
91
.
5.
Boniface
P J
,
Martin
I C
,
Nolan
S L
,
Tan
S T
.
Development of a method for the determination of zopiclone in whole blood
.
J Chromatogr
1992
;
584
:
199
-
206
.
6.
Paul
B D
,
Mell
L D
,
Mitchell
J M
,
Irving
J
,
Novak
A
.
Simultaneous identification and quantitation of codeine and morphine in urine by capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry
.
J Anal Toxicol
1985
;
9
:
222
-
6
.
7.
Liboux
A L
,
Frydman
A
,
Gaillot
J
.
Simultaneous determination of zopiclone and its two major metabolites (N-oxide and N-desmethyl) in human biological fluids by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography
.
J Chromatogr
1987
;
417
:
151
-
8
.
8.
Fernandez
C
,
Maradeix
V
,
Gimenez
F
,
Thuillier
A
,
Farinotti
R
.
Pharmacokinetics of zopiclone and its enantiomers in Caucasian young healthy volunteers
.
Drug Metabolism and Disposition
 0090-9556
1993
;
21
:
1125
-
8
.
9.
Pounder
D J
,
Davies
J L
.
Zopiclone poisoning: Tissue distribution and potential for postmortem diffusion
.
For Sci Intl
1994
;
65
:
177
-
83
.
10.
Bruera
E D
,
MacEachern
T J
,
Spachynski
K A
,
LeGatt
D F
,
MacDonald
R N
, et al
Comparison of the efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of controlled release and immediate release metoclopramide for the management of chronic nausea in patients with advanced cancer
.
Cancer
 0008-543X
1994
;
74
:
3204
-
11
.
11.
Royer-Morrot
M J
,
Rambourg
M
,
Jacob
I
,
Bauer
P
,
Royer
R J
.
Determination of zopiclone in plasma using column liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection
.
J Chromatogr
1992
;
581
:
297
-
9
.
12.
VanBocxlaer
J
,
Meyer
E
,
Clauwaert
K
,
Lambert
W
,
Piette
M
,
DeLeenheer
A
.
Analysis of zopiclone (Imovane) in postmortem specimens by GC-MS and HPLC with diode-array detection
.
J Anal Toxicol
1996
;
20
:
52
-
4
.
13.
Boniface
P J
,
Russell
S G
.
Two cases of fatal zopiclone overdoses
.
J Anal Toxicol
1996
;
20
:
131
-
3
.
This content is only available via PDF.
You do not currently have access to this content.