When steam power cycles are modeled, thermodynamic properties as functions of pressure and temperature are required in the critical and supercritical regions (region 3 of IAPWS-IF97). With IAPWS-IF97, such calculations require cumbersome iterative calculations, because temperature and volume are the independent variables in the formulation for this region. In order to reduce the computing time, the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS) adopted a set of backward equations for volume as a function of pressure and temperature in region 3. The necessary numerical consistency is achieved by dividing the region into 20 subregions, plus auxiliary subregions near the critical point in which the consistency requirements are relaxed due to the singular behavior at the critical point. In this work, we provide complete documentation of these equations, along with a discussion of their numerical consistency and the savings in computer time. The numerical consistency of these equations should be sufficient for most applications in heat-cycle, boiler, and steam-turbine calculations; if even higher consistency is required, the equations may be used to generate guesses for iterative procedures.
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July 2009
Research Papers
Supplementary Backward Equations for the Critical and Supercritical Regions (Region 3) of the IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam
H.-J. Kretzschmar,
H.-J. Kretzschmar
Department of Technical Thermodynamics,
e-mail: hj.kretzschmar@hs-zigr.de
Zittau/Goerlitz University of Applied Sciences
, P.O. Box 1455, D-02754 Zittau, Germany
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A. H. Harvey,
A. H. Harvey
National Institute of Standards and Technology,
Physical and Chemical Properties Division
, Boulder, CO 80305
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K. Knobloch,
K. Knobloch
Department of Technical Thermodynamics,
Zittau/Goerlitz University of Applied Sciences
, P.O. Box 1455, D-02754 Zittau, Germany
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R. Mareš,
R. Mareš
Department of Technical Thermodynamics,
University of West Bohemia
, CZ 306 14 Plzeň, Czech Republic
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K. Miyagawa,
K. Miyagawa
4-12-11-628 Nishiogu
, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-0011, Japan
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N. Okita,
N. Okita
Thermal Plant Systems Project Department,
Toshiba Corporation
, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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R. Span,
R. Span
Chair of Thermodynamics
Ruhr-University Bochum
, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
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I. Stöcker,
I. Stöcker
Department of Technical Thermodynamics,
Zittau/Goerlitz University of Applied Sciences
, P.O. Box 1455, D-02754 Zittau, Germany
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W. Wagner,
W. Wagner
Chair of Thermodynamics
Ruhr-University Bochum
, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
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I. Weber
I. Weber
Siemens AG,
Fossil Power Generation
, D-91050 Erlangen, Germany
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H.-J. Kretzschmar
Department of Technical Thermodynamics,
Zittau/Goerlitz University of Applied Sciences
, P.O. Box 1455, D-02754 Zittau, Germanye-mail: hj.kretzschmar@hs-zigr.de
A. H. Harvey
National Institute of Standards and Technology,
Physical and Chemical Properties Division
, Boulder, CO 80305
K. Knobloch
Department of Technical Thermodynamics,
Zittau/Goerlitz University of Applied Sciences
, P.O. Box 1455, D-02754 Zittau, Germany
R. Mareš
Department of Technical Thermodynamics,
University of West Bohemia
, CZ 306 14 Plzeň, Czech Republic
K. Miyagawa
4-12-11-628 Nishiogu
, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-0011, Japan
N. Okita
Thermal Plant Systems Project Department,
Toshiba Corporation
, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
R. Span
Chair of Thermodynamics
Ruhr-University Bochum
, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
I. Stöcker
Department of Technical Thermodynamics,
Zittau/Goerlitz University of Applied Sciences
, P.O. Box 1455, D-02754 Zittau, Germany
W. Wagner
Chair of Thermodynamics
Ruhr-University Bochum
, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
I. Weber
Siemens AG,
Fossil Power Generation
, D-91050 Erlangen, GermanyJ. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. Jul 2009, 131(4): 043101 (16 pages)
Published Online: April 13, 2009
Article history
Received:
May 20, 2008
Revised:
July 1, 2008
Published:
April 13, 2009
Citation
Kretzschmar, H., Harvey, A. H., Knobloch, K., Mareš, R., Miyagawa, K., Okita, N., Span, R., Stöcker, I., Wagner, W., and Weber, I. (April 13, 2009). "Supplementary Backward Equations for the Critical and Supercritical Regions (Region 3) of the IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam." ASME. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. July 2009; 131(4): 043101. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3028630
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