To promote the energy utilization efficiency of internal combustion engine, the approach of electronically controlled turbocharger (ECT) for IC engine exhaust gas energy recovery was investigated by the method of test coupling with numerical simulation. First, the tests for turbocharged gasoline engine and high-speed motor were conducted so as to provide experimental data for numerical simulation. Then, the simulation model of ECT engine was built and calibrated, and the working processes of ECT engine were simulated. The results show that the recovered exhaust gas energy by ECT increases with the decrease of by-pass valve opening due to the rising of exhaust gas mass flow rate, but the pumping loss also ascends; limited by the original engine turbocharger map, the engine working points are beyond turbine map when the by-pass valve opening increases to a certain degree. To further improve the energy recovery potential of ECT, a larger turbine was rematched, and the working processes of ECT engine under the whole operating conditions were resimulated. The results indicate that engine exhaust gas energy cannot be recovered by ECT in low-load and low-speed area due to the low exhaust gas pressure. In the effective working area, as the load and speed ascend, both the recovery efficiency of ECT and the utilization efficiency of exhaust gas energy increase, and their maximum values reach 8.4% and 18.4%, respectively. All those demonstrate that ECT can effectively recover engine exhaust gas energy.
Issue Section:
Internal Combustion Engines
References
1.
Reitz
, R. D.
, 2013
, “Directions in Internal Combustion Engine Research
,” Combust. Flame
, 160
(1
), pp. 1
–8
.2.
Durgun
, O.
, and Sahin
, Z.
, 2009
, “Theoretical Investigation of Heat balance in Direct Injection (DI) Diesel Engines for Neat Diesel Fuel and Gasoline Fumigation
,” Energy Convers. Manage.
, 50
(1
), pp. 43
–51
.3.
Fu
, J.
, Liu
, J.
, Xu
, Z.
, Ren
, C.
, and Deng
, B.
, 2013
, “A Combined Thermodynamic Cycle Based on Methanol Dissociation for IC (Internal Combustion) Engine Exhaust Heat Recovery
,” Energy
, 55
, pp. 778
–786
.4.
Simmons
, R. A.
, Shaver
, G. M.
, Tyner
, W. E.
, and Garimella
, S. V.
, 2015
, “A Benefit-Cost Assessment of New Vehicle Technologies and Fuel Economy in the U.S. Market
,” Appl. Energy
, 157
, pp. 940
–952
.5.
Huang
, K. D.
, Quang
, K. V.
, and Tseng
, K. T.
, 2009
, “Experimental Study of Exhaust-Gas Energy Recycling Efficiency of Hybrid Pneumatic Power System
,” Int. J. Energy Res.
, 33
(10
), pp. 931
–942
.6.
Zhao
, D.
, and Chew
, Y.
, 2012
, “Energy Harvesting From a Convection-Driven Rijke-Zhao Thermoacoustic Engine
,” J. Appl. Phys.
, 112
(11
), p. 114507
.7.
Zhao
, D.
, 2013
, “Waste Thermal Energy Harvesting From a Convection-Driven Rijke–Zhao Thermo-Acoustic-Piezo System
,” Energy Convers. Manage.
, 66
, pp. 87
–97
.8.
Fu
, J.
, Liu
, J.
, Feng
, R.
, Yang
, Y.
, Wang
, L.
, and Wang
, Y.
, 2013
, “Energy and Exergy Analysis on Gasoline Engine Based on Mapping Characteristics Experiment
,” Appl. Energy
, 102
, pp. 622
–630
.9.
Dolz
, V.
, Novella
, R.
, García
, A.
, and Sánchez
, J.
, 2012
, “HD Diesel Engine Equipped With a Bottoming Rankine Cycle as a Waste Heat Recovery System. Part 1: Study and Analysis of the Waste Heat Energy
,” Appl. Therm. Eng.
, 36
, pp. 269
–278
.10.
Zhao
, D.
, Ji
, C.
, Teo
, C.
, and Li
, S.
, 2014
, “Performance of Small-Scale Bladeless Electromagnetic Energy Harvesters Driven by Water or Air
,” Energy
, 74
, pp. 99
–108
.11.
Wang
, T.
, Zhang
, Y.
, Zhang
, J.
, Shu
, G.
, and Peng
, Z.
, 2013
, “Analysis of Recoverable Exhaust Energy From a Light-Duty Gasoline Engine
,” Appl. Therm. Eng.
, 53
(2
), pp. 414
–419
.12.
Liang
, X.
, Wang
, X.
, Shu
, G.
, Wei
, H.
, Tian
, H.
, and Wang
, X.
, 2015
, “A Review and Selection of Engine Waste Heat Recovery Technologies Using Analytic Hierarchy Process and Grey Relational Analysis
,” Int. J. Energy Res.
, 39
(4
), pp. 453
–471
.13.
Xie
, H.
, and Yang
, C.
, 2013
, “Dynamic Behavior of Rankine Cycle System for Waste Heat Recovery of Heavy Duty Diesel Engines Under Driving Cycle
,” Appl. Energy
, 112
, pp. 130
–141
.14.
Macián
, V.
, Serrano
, J. R.
, Dolz
, V.
, and Sánchez
, J.
, 2013
, “Methodology to Design a Bottoming Rankine Cycle, as a Waste Energy Recovering System in Vehicles. Study in a HDD Engine
,” Appl. Energy
, 104
, pp. 758
–771
.15.
Zhao
, D.
, and Ega
, E.
, 2014
, “Energy Harvesting From Self-Sustained Aeroelastic Limit Cycle Oscillations of Rectangular Wings
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
, 105
(10
), p. 103903
.16.
Wang
, Y.
, Dai
, C.
, and Wang
, S.
, 2013
, “Theoretical Analysis of a Thermoelectric Generator Using Exhaust Gas of Vehicles as Heat Source
,” Appl. Energy
, 112
, pp. 1171
–1180
.17.
Bianchi
, M.
, and De Pascale
, A.
, 2011
, “Bottoming Cycles for Electric Energy Generation: Parametric Investigation of Available and Innovative Solutions for the Exploitation of Low and Medium Temperature Heat Sources
,” Appl. Energy
, 88
(5
), pp. 1500
–1509
.18.
Stevens
, R. J.
, Weinstein
, S. J.
, and Koppula
, K. S.
, 2014
, “Theoretical Limits of Thermoelectric Power Generation From Exhaust Gases
,” Appl. Energy
, 133
, pp. 80
–88
.19.
Zhao
, R.
, Zhuge
, W.
, Zhang
, Y.
, Yin
, Y.
, Chen
, Z.
, and Li
, Z.
, 2014
, “Parametric Study of Power Turbine for Diesel Engine Waste Heat Recovery
,” Appl. Therm. Eng.
, 67
(1–2
), pp. 308
–319
.20.
Chiong
, M. S.
, Rajoo
, S.
, Martinez-Botas
, R. F.
, and Costall
, A. W.
, 2012
, “Engine Turbocharger Performance Prediction: One-Dimensional Modeling of a Twin Entry Turbine
,” Energy Convers. Manage.
, 57
, pp. 68
–78
.21.
Silva
, C.
, Ross
, M.
, and Farias
, T.
, 2009
, “Analysis and Simulation of “Low-Cost” Strategies to Reduce Fuel Consumption and Emissions in Conventional Gasoline Light-Duty Vehicles
,” Energy Convers. Manage.
, 50
(2
), pp. 215
–222
.22.
Terdich
, N.
, Martinez-Botas
, R.
, Romagnoli
, A.
, and Pesiridis
, A.
, 2014
, “Mild Hybridization Via Electrification of the Air System: Electrically Assisted and Variable Geometry Turbocharging Impact on an Off-Road Diesel Engine
,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power
, 136
(3
), p. 031703
.23.
Fu
, J.
, Liu
, J.
, Yang
, Y.
, Ren
, C.
, and Zhu
, G.
, 2013
, “A New Approach for Exhaust Energy Recovery of Internal Combustion Engine: Steam Turbocharging
,” Appl. Therm. Eng.
, 52
(1
), pp. 150
–159
.24.
Katrašnik
, T.
, Trenc
, F.
, Medica
, V.
, and Markič
, S.
, 2005
, “An Analysis of Turbocharged Diesel Engine Dynamic Response Improvement by Electric Assisting Systems
,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power
, 127
(4
), pp. 918
–926
.25.
Katrašnik
, T.
, Rodman
, S.
, Trenc
, F.
, Hribernik
, A.
, and Medica
, V.
, 2003
, “Improvement of the Dynamic Characteristic of an Automotive Engine by a Turbocharger Assisted by an Electric Motor
,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power
, 125
(2
), pp. 590
–595
.26.
Lefebvre
, A.
, and Guilain
, S.
, 2003
, “Transient Response of a Turbocharged SI Engine With an Electrical Boost Pressure Supply
,” SAE
Paper No. 2003-01-1844.27.
Wei
, W.
, Zhuge
, W.
, Zhang
, Y.
, and He
, Y.
, 2010
, “Comparative Study on Electric Turbo-Compounding Systems for Gasoline Engine Exhaust Energy Recovery
,” ASME
Paper No. GT2010-23204.28.
Hofbauer
, P.
, 2012
, “System and Method to Control an Electronically-Controlled Turbocharger
,” U.S. Patent Application 13/569,210, 2012-8-8.29.
Halimi
, E. M.
, Maloof
, R. P.
, and Woollenweber
, W. E.
, 1997
, “Turbocharging System With Integral Assisting Electric Motor and Cooling System Therefore
,” U.S. Patent No. 5,605,045.30.
Huang
, R.
, Zhang
, W. L.
, Jiang
, Y. L.
, Duan
, X. L.
, and Chen
, F. Q.
, 2013
, “Electric Turbocharger
,” CN Patent No. App CN 103061869 A.31.
Hippen
, W.
, Laimboeck
, F.
, and Garrard
, T.
, 2011
, “Cooling an Electrically Controlled Turbocharger
,” U.S. Patent 7,946,118.32.
Zhao
, D.
, Winward
, E.
, Yang
, Z.
, Rutledge
, J.
, and Stobart
, R.
, 2016
, “Control-Oriented Dynamics Analysis for Electrified Turbocharged Diesel Engines
,” SAE
Paper No. 2016-01-0617.33.
Ibaraki
, S.
, Yamashita
, Y.
, Sumida
, K.
, Ogita
, H.
, and Jinnai
, Y.
, 2006
, “Development of the ‘Hybrid Turbo,’ an Electrically Assisted Turbocharger
,” Mitsubishi Heavy Ind. Tech. Rev.
, 43
(3
), pp. 36
–40
.34.
Pfister
, P. D.
, and Perriard
, Y.
, 2008
, “A 200,000 rpm, 2 kW Slotless Permanent Magnet Motor
,” International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems
(ICEMS 2008
), Wuhan, China, Oct. 17–20, pp. 3054
–3059
.35.
Barrans
, S.
, Al-Ani
, M.
, Carter
, J.
, and Ndengeya
, T.
, 2016
, “Mechanical Design of Rotors for Permanent Magnet High Speed Electric Motors for Turbocharger Applications
,” 7th International Conference on Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (ICMAE 2016), London, July 18–22.36.
Tang
, Q.
, Fu
, J.
, Liu
, J.
, Boulet
, B.
, Tan
, L.
, and Zhao
, Z.
, 2016
, “Comparison and Analysis of the Effects of Various Improved Turbocharging Approaches on Gasoline Engine Transient Performances
,” Appl. Therm. Eng.
, 93
, pp. 797
–812
.37.
Liu
, J.
, Fu
, J.
, Feng
, K.
, Zhao
, Z.
, and Wang
, S.
, 2011
, “A Study on the Energy Flow of Diesel Engine Turbocharged System
,” J. Hunan. Univ.
, 38
(5
), pp. 48
–53
(in Chinese).Copyright © 2016 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
