Non-Newtonian Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Semicircular Microtube Induced by Electroosmosis and Pressure Gradient

The hydrodynamic and thermal characteristics of electroosmotic and pressure-driven flows of power-law fluids are examined in a semicircular microchannel under the constant wall heat flux condition. For sufficiently large values of the electrokinetic radius, the Debye length is thin; the active flow within the electric double layer (EDL) drags the rest of the liquid due to frictional forces arising from the fluid viscosity, and consequently a plug-like velocity profile is attained. The velocity ratio can affect the pure electrokinetic flow as well as the flow rate depending on the applied pressure gradient direction. Since the effective viscosity of shear-thinning fluids near the wall is quite small compared to the shear-thickening fluids, the former exhibits higher dimensionless velocities than the later close to the wall; the reverse is true at the middle section. Poiseuille number increases with increasing the flow behavior index and/or the electrokinetic radius. Due to the comparatively stronger axial advection and radial diffusion in shear-thinning fluids, better temperature uniformity is achieved in the channel. Reduction of Nusselt number continues as far as the fully developed region where it remains unchanged; as the electrokinetic radius tends to infinity, Nusselt number approaches a particular value (not depending on the flow behavior index).