... resistance spot welding finite element method dynamic contact resistance dual-phase steel cooling rate microstructure liquid metal embrittlement welding and joining Resistance spot welding (RSW) is extensively used in the automobile industry, and hence, the proper welding schedule is ever...

... distribution in molded glass lenses. Specifically, optical retardations caused by the residual stresses in the glass lenses that were molded with different cooling rates were measured using a plane polariscope. The measured residual stresses of the molded glass lenses were compared with numerical simulation...