... of dynamically shaped beams results in greatly improved dose homogeneity compared with standard techniques, which use a single static beam shape. Along a representative dose profile through the lungs of a mock-human body, the maximum range of dose deviation from the average is 5.6% (from + 2.7 % to − 2.9...

...Henk Versteeg; Abdul Qaiyum Shaik Pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) have been the most effective therapeutic treatment for controlling lung diseases such as asthma and COPD. The flow through a two-orifice system of pMDI is very complex and poorly understood. Previous experimental work has...

... to be delivered directly to the lungs. The tube is held in place by inflating a small cuff on the distal tip, which also serves to seal the trachea. The use of a manometer to measure the pressure within the cuff is essential to keep the practice safe. Hyperinflation of the cuff can put too much pressure...

... increases drug efficiency and allows targeting of specific affected sites within the lung. The methodology was further validated experimentally using a fixed exit position nozzle∕inhaler system and model airway∕lung structure. Motivated by these results, this work presents the design and fabrication...

..., researchers, and product developers. Early innovations from this team include the Mayo heart-lung machine, cardiac monitoring, advances in aero-medicine, surgical stereotaxy, and early transfusion equipment. Today, the Mayo Division of Engineering consists of mechanical, chemical, electrical, biomedical...