Abstract
Recent efforts on wave loads and their structural effects, ultimate and fatigue resistance, and structural reliability issues relating to requalification of jackets are reviewed. The emphasis is on experiences with North Sea structures. [S0892-7219(00)01201-2]
Issue Section:
Technical Papers
Keywords:
oil technology,
natural gas technology,
installation,
structural engineering,
safety systems,
design engineering,
failure analysis,
code standards
Topics:
Design,
Failure,
Fatigue,
Fracture (Materials),
Inspection,
Reliability,
Safety,
Stress,
Waves,
Uncertainty,
Probability,
Damage
1.
Va˚rdal, O. T., and Moan, T., 1997, “Predicted versus
Observed Fatigue Crack Growth. Validation of Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics
Analysis of Fatigue in North Sea Jackets,” Proc., 16th OMAE, Paper No. 1334,
Yokohama, Japan.
2.
Broughton, P., 1997, “Engineering Challenges of
Ekofisk, the First North Sea Oil Field,” Proc., 8th BOSS Conf., Pergamon Press,
New York, Vol. I, pp. 41–70.
3.
API, 1993/1997, “Recommended Practice for Planning,
Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platform,” API RP2A-WSD July 1993 with
Supplement 1 with Sect, 17.0, “Assessment of Existing Platform,” Feb.
1997.
4.
ISO 2394, 1998, “General Principles on Reliability
for Structures,” draft for approval.
5.
Heideman, J. C., and Weaver, T. O., 1992, “Static
Wave Force Procedure for Platform Design,” Proc., Civil Engng. in the Oceans,
ASCE, V, pp. 496–517. College Station, Tx.
6.
Tromans, P. S., Anaturk, A. R., and Hagemejer, 1991,
“A New Model for the Kinematics of Large Ocean Waves, Application as a Design
Wave,” Proceedings of the First ISOPE Conference,
UK.
7.
Forristall, G. Z., 1998, “Wave Crest Distributions:
Observations and Second Order Theory,” Proc., ASCE Conf. on Ocean Wave
Kinematics, Dynamics and Loads on Structures, J. Zhang, ed., Reston,
VA.
8.
Prevosto, M., and Nerzic, R., 1998, “Wave Climate
Parametrization of the Distribution of Maximum Wave Heights and Crest
Elevations,” Proc., ASCE Conf. on Ocean Wave Kinematics, Dynamics and Load
Structures, J. Zhang, Ed., Reston, VA.
9.
Kaplan, P., Murray, J. J., and Yu, W. C., 1995,
“Theoretical Analysis of Wave Impact Forces on Platform Deck Structures,”
Proceedings of the OMAE Conference.
10.
Finnigan, T. D., and Petrauskas, C., 1997,
“Wave-in-Deck Forces,” Proceedings of the ISOPE Conference,
Hawaii.
11.
HSE, 1998, “Review of Wave in Deck Load Assessment
Procedure,” Health and Safety Executive, Report MaTSU/8781/3420, prepared by
Billington Osborne-Moss Eng. Ltd., Offshore Design a.s.
12.
ISO 13819, 1994, “Petroleum and Natural Gas
Industries—Offshore Structures—Part 1: General Requirements,” 1997, “Part 2:
Fixed Steel Structures,” Draft C, Int. Standardization Organization, London,
UK.
13.
Frieze, P. A., Hsu, T. M., Loh, J. T., and Lotsberg,
I. 1997, “Background to Draft ISO Provisions on Intact and Damaged Members,”
Proc., 8th BOSS Conf., 3, pp. 295–310.
14.
Healey, B. E., and Zettlemoyer, N., 1993, “In-Plane
Bending Strength of Circular Tubular Joints,” Proc., 5th Int. Symp. on Tubular
Structures, Nottingham University.
15.
Pelletier, J. H., Muff, J. D., and Young, C., 1993,
“Historical Development and Assessment of the Current API Design Methods for
Axially Loaded Piles,” Paper No. OTC 7157, Proc., 25th Offshore Technology
Conference, Houston, TX, 2, pp. 253–282.
16.
Jardine, R. J., and Chow, F. C., 1996, “New Design
Methods for Offshore Piles,” Publication 96/103, Dept of Civil Eng., Imperial
College, London, UK.
17.
Kolk, H. J., and van der Velde, E., 1996, “A Reliable
Method to Determine Friction Capacity of Piles Driven into Clays,” Paper No.
7993, Proc., Offshore Technology Conf., Houston, TX.
18.
Randolph, M. F., et al., 1996, “Field and Laboratory
Data from Pile Load Tests in Calcareous Soils,” Paper No. OTC 7992, Proc., 28th
Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, TX.
19.
Hellan, O̸., Drange, S. O., and Moan, T., 1994, “Use
of Non-linear Pushover Analyses in Ultimate Limist State Design and Integrity
Assessment of Jacket Structures,” Proc., 7th BOSS Conf., Pergamon Press,
3, pp. 323–345.
20.
Hellan, O̸., 1995, “Non-linear Pushover and Cyclic
Analyses in Ultimate Limit State Design and Reassessments of Tubular Steel
Offshore Structures,” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Marine Structures, NTNU, Trondheim,
Norway.
21.
Skallerud, B., and Amdahl, J., 1998, “Modelling
Methodologies with Beam Finite Elements for Collapse Analysis of Tubular Members
Cylindrical Shells,” Proc., Second Int. Conf. on Thin-Walled Structures,
Singapore, Dec.
22.
Stacey, A., Sharp, J. V., and Nichols, N. W., 1996,
“Static Strength Assessment of Cracked Tubular Joints,” Proc., OMAE Conf., ASME,
III, pp. 211–224.
23.
Nichols, N. W., Birkenshaw, M., and Bolt, H. M.,
1997, “Systems Strength Measures of Offshore Structures,” Proc., 8th BOSS Conf.,
Pergamon, New York, 3, pp. 343–357.
24.
BOMEL, 1996, “A Review of the Ultimate Strength of
Tubular Framed Structures,” HSE Publication OTH92 365.
25.
Horsnell, M. R., and Toolan, F. E., 1996, “Risk of
Foundation Failure of Offshore Jacket Piles,” Proc., 28th Offshore Technology
Conf., pp. 381–392.
26.
Lacasse, S., and Nadim, F., 1996, “Model Uncertainty
in Pile Axial Capacity Calculations,” Paper No. 7996, Proc., Offshore Technology
Conf., Houston, TX.
27.
Moan, T., Emami Azadi, M. R., and Hellan, O̸., 1997,
“Nonlinear Dynamic versus Static Analysis of Jacket Systems for Ultimate Limit
State Check,” Int. Conf. on Advances in Marine Structures III, Dunfirmline;
also, J. Marine Structures.
28.
Hellan, O̸., Skallerud, B., Amdahl, J., and Moan, T.,
1991, “Reassessment of Offshore Steel Structures: Shakedown and Cyclic
Non-linear FEM Analysis,” Proc., 1st Int. Offshore Polar Conf., Int. Soc. of
Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE), pp. 34–42.
29.
Stewart, G., Moan, T., Amdahl, J., and Eide, O.,
1993, “Non-linear Reassessment of Jacket Structures under Extreme Storm Cyclic
Loading—Part I: Philosophy and Acceptance Criteria,” Proc., 12th OMAE, ASME, New
York, NY, pp. 492–502.
30.
Stewart, G., 1992, “Non-linear Structural Dynamics by
Pseudo-Force Influence Method—Part II: Application to Offshore Platform
Collapse,” Proc., ISOPE Conf., San Francisco, CA.
31.
Bea, R. G., and Young, C. N., 1993, “Loading and
Capacity Effects on Platforms Performance in Extreme Storm Waves and
Earthquakes,” Paper No. 7140, Offshore Technology Conference, Houston,
TX.
32.
Schmucker, D. G., 1996, “Near Failure Behavior of
Jacket-type Offshore Platforms in the Extreme Wave Environment,” Ph.D thesis,
Report No. RMS-21, June, Standford University, CA.
33.
Emami Azadi, M. R., Moan, T., and Amdahl, J., 1995,
“Dynamic Effects on the Performance of Steel Offshore Platforms under Extreme
Waves,” Proc., Eurosteel A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Holland.
34.
Emami Azadi, M. R., 1998, “Analysis of Static and
Dynamic-Pile-Soil-Jacket Behaviour,” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Marine Structures,
NTNU, Norway.
35.
Bærheim, M., Stacey, A., and Nichols, N., 1996,
“Proposed Fatigue Provisions in the new ISO Code for Offshore Structures,” Proc.
OMAE, Vol. III, pp. 513–518.
36.
Lotsberg, I., and Karlsen, A., 1997, “Evaluation of
SN-curves for Fatigue Design,” DNV Technical Report No. 97-3566, to
NORSOK.
37.
Madsen, H., Krenk, S., and Lind, N. C., 1986,
“Methods of Structural Safety,” Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs,
MI.
38.
Moan, T., 1994, “Reliability and Risk Analysis for
Design and Operations Planning of Offshore Structures,” Proc., 6th ICOSSAR,
Structural Safety and Reliability, Balkema, Rotterdam, 1, pp.
21–43.
39.
Moses, F., 1985–1987, “Load and Resistance Factor
Design-Recommended Practice for Approval,” Final Report, API PRAC 86-22, API
PRAC 87-22, API, Dallas, TX.
40.
Moan, T., Hovde, G. O., and Blanker, A. M., “Design
Criteria for Offshore Structures Considering the Effect of Inspection and
Repair,” Proceedings of the 25th OTC, Vol. 2, pp. 591–599, OTC
7189, Houston, TX.
41.
Moan, T., 1995, “Safety Level Across Different Types
of Structural Forms and Material—Implicit in Codes for Offshore Structures,”
SINTEF Report STF70 A95210 Trondheim, Norway, prepared for
ISO/TC250/SC7.
42.
Bea, R. G., 1993, “Reliability-based Requalification
Criteria for Offshore Platforms,” Proc, 12th OMAE, Vol. II, ASME, New York, pp.
351–361,
43.
De, R. S., 1995, “Risk Analysis Methodology for
Developing Design and Assessment Criteria for Fixed Offshore Structures,” Paper
No. 7755 Offshore Technology Conf., Houston, TX.
44.
Efthymiou, M., et al., 1996, “Reliability-Based
Criteria for Fixed Steel Offshore Platforms,” Proc., 15th OMAE, Vol. I, ASME,
New York, pp. 129–141.
45.
Turner, R. C., et al., 1992, “Towards the Worldwide
Calibration of API RP2A-LRFD,” Proc., 24th OTC 6930, Houston, Offshore
Technology Conf., 2, pp. 513–520.
46.
Jonathan, P., and Taylor, P. H., 1996, “Wave and
Force Variability on Offshore Structures,” Proc. 15th OMAE, ASME,
I, New York, NY, pp. 179–190.
47.
Yang, Y. N., 1993, “Application of Reliability
Methods to Fatigue, Quality Assurance and Maintenance. The Freudenthal Lecture,”
Proc., 6th ICOSSAR, Structural Safety and Reliability, Balkema, Rotterdam, The
Netherlands, 1, pp. 3–18.
48.
Va˚rdal, O. T., Moan, T., and Bjo̸rheim, L. G.,
“Application of Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics Analysis for Reassessment of
Fatigue Life of a Floating Production Unit—Philosophy and Target Levels,”
accepted for publication.
49.
Digre, K. A., et al., 1995, “Modification to and
Applications of the Guidelines for Assessment of Existing Platforms Contained in
Section 17.0 of API RP2A,” Proc., 27th OTC, pp. 741–754, OTC 7779, Offshore
Technology Conf., Houston, TX.
50.
Karamchandani, A., 1990, “New Methods in Systems
Reliability,” Ph.D. thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, CA.
51.
Moses, F., and Liu, Y. W., 1992, “Methods of
Redundancy Analysis for Offshore Platforms,” Proc., 11th OMAE, II,
ASME, New York, NY, pp. 411–416.
52.
Baker, M. J., and Vrouwenvelder, A. C. M., 1992,
“Reliability Methods for the Design and Operation of Offshore Structures,”
Proc., 11th OMAE, Vol. II, ASME, New York, pp. 123–132.
53.
Shetty, N. K., 1992, “System Reliability of Fixed
Offshore Structures under Fatigue Deterioration,” Ph.D. thesis, Imperial
College, University London, London, UK.
54.
Dalane, J. I., 1993, “System Reliability in Design
and Maintenance of Fixed Offshore Structures,” Ph.D. thesis, Trondheim, The
Norwegian Institute of Technology.
55.
De, R., et al., 1989, “Study of Redundancy in
Near-Ideal Parallel Structural Systems,” Proc. 5th ICOSSAR,
2, ASCE, New York, NY, pp. 975–982.
56.
Wu, Y. K., and Moan, T., 1989, “A Structural System
Reliability Analysis of Jacket using an Improved Truss Model,” Proc.,
5th ICOSSAR, ASCE, New York, NY, 2, pp.
887–894.
57.
Sigurdsson, G., et al., 1994, “Probabilistic Collapse
Analysis of Jackets,” Proc., 6th ICOSSAR, G. I. Schue¨ller, M. Shinozuka, and
J-P-T. Yao eds., A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 1, pp.
535–544.
58.
Kirkemoe, F., 1989, “PIA Theory Manual Aker,” Oslo,
Norway.
59.
Moan, T., and Song, R., 1998, “Implication of
Inspection Updating on System Fatigue Reliability of Offshore Structures,”
Proc., 17th OMAE Conf., ASME, New York, NY.
60.
Moan, T., 1998, “Target Levels for Structural
Reliability and Risk Analysis of Offshore Structures,” Risk and
Reliability in Marine Technology, C. Guedes Soares, ed., A. A.
Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
61.
Jordaan
, I.
J.
, and
Maes
, M.
A.
, 1991
,
“Rational for Load Specifications and Load Factors in the New
CSA Code for Fixed Offshore Structures
,” C. J. Civil
Eng.
, 18
, No. 3
, pp.
454
–464
.62.
Pate´-Cornell, M. E., 1993, “Risk Management for
Existing Energy Facilities: A Global Approach to Numerical Safety Goals,”
Ageing of Energy Production and Distribution Systems,
Applied Mechanics Reviews, 46, No. 5, ASME, New York,
NY.
63.
Emami Azadi, M. R., Hovde, G. O., and Moan, T.,
“Reliability Analysis of Jackets,” submitted for publication.
64.
Dunlap, W. A., and Ibbs, C. W., 1994, Proc., Int.
Workshop on Assessment and Requalification of Offshore Production Structures,
New Orleans, Offshore Technology Research Center, Texas A&M University and
University of California, Berkeley, CA.
65.
WOAD, 1996, “World Offshore Accident Databank,” Det
Norske Veritas, Oslo, Norway.
Copyright © 2000
by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
