... becomes more complicated when the welded joint with strength heterogeneity is subjected to dynamic rapid loading; for example, the welded heat-affected zone of pipeline steels is softened and welded underground pipelines are affected by a rapid ground sliding in an earthquake. In this paper...

... earthquake engineering finite element analysis fracture toughness heat conduction pipelines plastic deformation steel stress-strain relations welds welded joint undermatched joint strength heterogeneity dynamic loading plastic deformation temperature rise thermal elastic-plastic analysis...