...Ki-Hak Lee; Kyu-Hong Kim; Dong-Ho Lee; Kyung-Tae Lee; Jong-Po Park A horizontal-axis wind turbine blade is designed using two step optimization procedures with probability approach. For the efficient management of the multiple design variables required for the blade design, the design procedure...

... of parameters. The results yield a cumulative distribution function that can be used to quantify the probability of exceeding (or being less than) a particular value. Two examples, a simple cost model and a more detailed performance model of a hypothetical 100 -MW e power tower, are provided to illustrate...

...Anand Natarajan; William E. Holley Extrapolation of extreme loads using turbulent wind samples of various mean speeds and random starting points is addressed using probability distribution functions that are suitably distorted to fit the peak extremes. The tail of the extreme value distribution...

... of the probability density function (PDF) of turbulence driven short-term extreme wind shear events, conditioned on the mean wind speed, for an arbitrary recurrence period. The model is based on an asymptotic expansion, and only a few and easily accessible parameters are needed as input. The model of the extreme PDF...

... wind and dynamic loads. The operating loads on a generic three bladed up-wind 1.5 MW wind turbine blade were analyzed over a range of operating conditions, and an aggregate probability distribution for the actual phase angles between the peak in-plane (lead-lag) and peak out-of-plane (flap) loads...

... Division, February 27, 2003; final revision, July 15, 2003. Associate Editor: D. Berg. 27 February 2003 15 July 2003 26 11 2003 probability wind turbines Weibull distribution parameter estimation The robust estimation of long-term extreme loads from field records...

...Patrick J. Moriarty; William E. Holley, Consultant,; Sandy Butterfield The effect of varying turbulence levels on long-term loads extrapolation techniques was examined using a joint probability density function of both mean wind speed and turbulence level for loads calculations. The turbulence...

...LeRoy M. Fitzwater; Steven R. Winterstein This paper considers two distinct topics that arise in reliability-based wind turbine design. First, it illustrates how general probability models can be used to predict long-term design loads from a set of limited-duration, short-term load histories...

... properties of the wind is described in this paper. For the moment, only the horizontal along wind direction of the wind speed is considered. The stochastic gusts are used to determine the gust responses. The gust responses are processed together with the probability density of the gust amplitude and mean...

... and daily frequency distributions. A second set of ten years of data for six cities is used to verify the predictions. A bi-exponential probability density function is proposed that fits the observed bimodal nature of the data better than existing models. A case is made for the function being universal...