The heat (mass) transfer coefficient and the film cooling effectiveness are obtained from separate tests using pure air and naphthalene-saturated vapor injected through circular holes into a crossflow of air. The experiments indicate that Sherwood numbers around the injection hole are up to four times those on a flat plate (without injection holes) due to the interaction of the jets and the mainstream. The mass transfer around the injection holes is dominated by formations of horseshoe, side, and kidney vortices, which are generated by the jet and crossflow interaction. For an in-line array of holes, the effectiveness is high and uniform in the streamwise direction but has a large variation in the lateral direction. The key parameters, including transfer coefficients on the back surface (Part I), inside the hole (Part I), and on the exposed surfaces, and the effectiveness on the exposed surface, are obtained so that the wall temperature distribution near the injection holes can be determined for a given heat flux condition. This detailed information will also aid the numerical modeling of flow and mass/heat transfer around film cooling holes.
Issue Section:
Research Papers
1.
Andreopoulos
J.
1985
, “On the Structure of Jets in a Crossflow
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, Vol. 157
, pp. 163
–197
.2.
Cho, H. H., 1992, “Heat/Mass Transfer Flow Through an Array of Holes and Slits,” Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Minnesota.
3.
Choe, H., Kays, W. M., and Moffat, R. J., 1976, “Turbulent Boundary Layer on a Full-Coverage Film-Cooling Surface—An Experimental Heat Transfer Study With Normal Injection,” NASA CR-2642.
4.
Crawford, M. E., Kays, W. M., and Moffat, R. J., 1976, “Heat Transfer to a Full-Coverage Film-Cooling Surface With 30° Slant-Hole Injection,” NASA CR-2786.
5.
Dring
R. P.
Blair
M. F.
Joslyn
H. D.
1980
, “An Experimental Investigation of Film Cooling on a Turbine Rotor Blade
,” ASME Journal of Engineering for Power
, Vol. 102
, pp. 81
–87
.6.
Eckert, E. R. G., 1976, “Analogies to Heat Transfer Processes,” Measurement in Heat Transfer, E. R. G. Eckert and R. J. Goldstein, eds., Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, pp. 397–423.
7.
Eckert
E. R. G.
1984
, “Analysis of Film Cooling and Full-Coverage Film Cooling of Gas Turbine Blades
,” ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines And Power
, Vol. 106
, pp. 206
–213
.8.
Furuhama, K., and Moffat, R. J., 1983, “Turbulent Boundary Layer Heat Transfer on a Convex Wall With Discrete Hole Injection,” presented at the Joint ASME/JSME Gas Turbine Conference, Tokyo, Japan.
9.
Goldstein
R. J.
Eckert
E. R. G.
Ramsey
J. W.
1968
, “Film Cooling With Injection Through Holes: Adiabatic Wall Temperature Downstream of a Circular Holes
,” ASME Journal of Engineering for Power
, Vol. 100
, pp. 384
–395
.10.
Goldstein
R. J.
1971
, “Film Cooling
,” Advances in Heat Transfer
, Vol. 7
, Academic Press, pp. 321
–379
.11.
Goldstein
R. J.
Taylor
J. R.
1982
, “Mass Transfer in the Neighborhood of Jets Entering a Crossflow
,” ASME Journal of Heat Transfer
, Vol. 104
, pp. 715
–721
.12.
Goldstein
R. J.
Karni
J.
1984
, “The Effect of a Wall Boundary Layer on Local Mass Transfer From a Cylinder in Crossflow
,” ASME Journal of Heat Transfer
, Vol. 106
, pp. 260
–267
.13.
Hay, H., Lampard, D., Maali, R., and Burns, I., 1986, “Simultaneous Determination of Heat Transfer Coefficient and Adiabatic Wall Effectiveness on a Film Cooled Surface Using the Swollen Polymer Technique,” Proc. 8th Int. H. T. Conf., U.S.A., Vol. 2, pp. 489–494.
14.
Johnston
J. P.
1964
, “A Wall-Trace, Flow Visualization Technique for Rotating Surfaces in Air
,” ASME Journal of Basic Engineering
, Vol. 86
, pp. 907
–908
.15.
Karni
J.
Goldstein
R. J.
1990
, “Surface Injection Effect on Mass Transfer From a Cylinder in Crossflow: A Simulation of Film Cooling in the Leading Edge Region of a Turbine Blade
,” ASME Journal of Turbomachinery
, Vol. 112
, pp. 418
–427
.16.
Kasagi, N., Hirata, M., and Kumada, M., 1981, “Studies of Full-Coverage Film Cooling. Part 1: Cooling Effectiveness of Thermal Conductive Wall,” ASME Paper No. 81-GT-37.
17.
Kasagi
N.
Hirata
M.
Ikeyama
M.
Makino
M.
Kumada
M.
1988
, “Full-Coverage Film Cooling on Curved Walls, Part 3, Cooling Effectiveness on Concave and Convex Walls
,” Trans. JSME, Ser. B
, Vol. 54
No. 497
, pp. 217
–223
.18.
Kim, H. K., Moffat, R. J., and Kays, W. M., 1979, “Heat Transfer to a Full-Coverage Film-Cooling Surface With Compound Angle (30° and 45°) Hole Injection,” NASA CR-3103.
19.
Kumada, M., Hirata, M., and Kasagi, N., 1981, “Studies of Full-Coverage Film Cooling Part 2: Measurement of Local Heat Transfer Coefficient,” ASME Paper No. 81-GT-38.
20.
Le Grives, E., Nicolas, J.-J., Genot, J., 1979, “Internal Aerodynamics and Heat Transfer Problems Associated to Film Cooling of Gas Turbines,” ASME Paper No. 79-GT-57.
21.
Luckey, D. W., and L’Ecuyer, R., 1981, “Stagnation Region Gas Film Cooling—Spanwise Angled Injection from Multiple Rows of Holes,” NASA CR-165333.
22.
Mayle
R. E.
Camarata
F. J.
1975
, “Multihole Cooling Film Effectiveness and Heat Transfer
,” ASME Journal of Heat Transfer
, Vol. 97
, pp. 534
–538
.23.
Metzger
D. E.
Carper
H. J.
Swank
L. R.
1968
, “Heat Transfer With Film Cooling Near Nontangential Injection Slots
,” ASME Journal of Engineering for Power
, Vol. 90
, pp. 157
–163
.24.
Metzger
D. E.
Takeuchi
D. I.
Kuenstler
P. A.
1973
, “Effectiveness and Heat Transfer With Full-Coverage Film Cooling
,” ASME Journal of Engineering for Power
, Vol. 95
, pp. 180
–184
.25.
Metzger, D. E., Kuenstler, P. A., and Takeuchi, D. I., 1976, “Heat Transfer With Film Cooling Within and Downstream of One to Four Rows of Normal Injection Holes,” ASME Paper No. 76-GT-83.
26.
Miller, K. L., and Crawford, M. E., 1984, “Numerical Simulation of Single, Double, and Multiple Row Film Cooling Effectiveness and Heat Transfer,” ASME Paper No. 84-GT-112.
27.
Papell, S. S., 1960, “Effect on Gaseous Film Cooling of Coolant Injection Through Angled Slots and Normal Holes,” NASA TND-299.
28.
Sasaki
M.
Takahara
K.
Kumagai
T.
Hamano
M.
1979
, “Film Cooling Effectiveness for Injection From Multirow Holes
,” ASME Journal of Engineering for Power
, Vol. 101
, pp. 101
–108
.29.
von Karman
T. H.
1939
, “The Analogy Between Fluid Friction and Heat Transfer
,” Trans. ASME
, Vol. 61
, pp. 705
–710
.30.
Yavuzkurt, S., Moffat, R. J., and Kays, W. M., 1979, “Full-Coverage Film-Cooling: 3-Dimensional Measurements of Turbulence Structure and Prediction of Recovery Region Hydrodynamics,” NASA CR-3104.
31.
Yavuzkurt, S., 1985, “Full-Coverage Film-Cooling: A One-Equation Model of Turbulence for the Calculation of the Full-Coverage and the Recovery-Region Hydrodynamics,” ASME Paper No. 85-GT-119.
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